Natural Materials of the Holy Land and the Visual Translation of Place, 500-1500

Natural Materials of the Holy Land and the Visual Translation of Place, 500-1500, focuses on the unique ways that natural materials carry the spirit of place. Since early Christianity, wood, earth, water and stone were taken from loca sancta to signify them elsewhere. Academic discourse has indiscriminately grouped material tokens from holy places and their containers with architectural and topographical emulations, two-dimensional images and bodily relics. However, unlike textual or visual representations, natural materials do not describe or interpret the Holy Land; they are part of it. Tangible and timeless, they realize the meaning of their place of origin in new locations. What makes earth, stones or bottled water transported from holy sites sacred? How do they become pars pro toto, signifying the whole from which they were taken? This book will examine natural media used for translating loca sancta, the processes of their sanctification and how, although inherently abstract, they become charged with meaning. It will address their metamorphosis, natural or induced; how they change the environment to which they are transported; their capacity to translate a static and distant site elsewhere; the effect of their relocation on users/viewers; and how their containers and staging are used to communicate their substance.

Table of Contents ForewordCaroline Walker Bynum Natural Materials, Place and RepresentationRenana Bartal, Neta Bodner and Bianca Kühnel I Collecting and Collections 1. Earth, Stone, Water and Oil: Objects of Veneration in Holy Land Travel Narratives Ora Limor 2. Eleventh-Century Relic Collections and the Holy LandJulia M. H. Smith 3. The Popes and the Loca Sancta of Jerusalem: Relic Practice and Relic Diplomacy in the Eastern Mediterranean after the Muslim Conquest Manfred Luchterhandt 4. Jerusalem Refracted: Geographies of the True Cross in Late AntiquityLaura Veneskey II Agents of Translation 5. Una processione da farsi ogni anno con una messa solenne: Reception of Stone Relics from the Holy Land in Renaissance RagusaTanja Trška 6. The Stone of Grace in the Gareja Desert, GeorgiaZaza Skhirtladze 7. Earth from Elsewhere: Burial in Terra Sancta beyond the Holy LandLucy Donkin 8. Materiality and Liminality: Nonmimetic Evocations of Jerusalem along the Venetian Sea Routes to the Holy LandMichele Bacci III Instillation and Enactment 9. Rocks of Jerusalem: Bringing the Holy Land HomeElina Gertsman and Asa Simon Mittman 10. Image, Epigram, and Nature in Middle Byzantine Personal DevotionBrad Hostetler 11. Place and Surface: Golgotha in Late Medieval Bruges Nadine Mai 12. Moving Stones: On the Columns of the Dome of the Rock, Their History and MeaningLawrence Nees 13. Christ’s Unction and the Material Realization of a Stone in JerusalemYamit Rachman-Schrire IV Contemporary Re-enactment 14. Susan Hiller’s Homages to Joseph Beuys: Mystics, Cult and Anthropology Kobi Ben-Meir

Renana Bartal (PhD, Hebrew University, 2010) is Senior Lecturer at the department of Art History, Tel Aviv University. She has co-edited Between Jerusalem and Europe: Essays in Honour of Bianca Kühnel (Leiden: Brill, 2015), and is the author of Gender, Piety and Production in Fourteenth Century Apocalypse Manuscripts (New York: Ashgate/Routledge, 2016). Neta B. Bodner (PhD, Hebrew University, 2016) is a Post-PhD fellow in the ERC-funded project ‘Beyond the Elite: Jewish Daily Life in Medieval Europe’ at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Bodner teaches in the Art History department of the Hebrew University and at the Open University in Raanana. She has published several articles about Pisan monuments, and architectural translations of Jerusalem to Vienna and northern Italy. Bianca Kühnel is Jack Cotton Professor Emerita of Fine Arts and Architecture at theDepartment of the History of Art, Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Her publications include From the Earthly to the Heavenly Jerusalem; Representations of the Holy City in Christian Art of the First Millennium (Rome-Freiburg/Br.-Vienna: Herder, 1987); The Real and Ideal Jerusalem in Jewish, Christian, and Islamic Art, Special Issue of Jewish Art 23/24, 1997/1998; andVisual Constructs of Jerusalem, ed. with G. Noga-Banai and H. Vorholt (Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2014).