Nanostructures: Synthesis, Functional Properties and Application

The Advanced Study Institute on Synthesis, Functional Properties and Applications of Nanostructures, held at the Knossos Royal Village, Heraklion, Crete, Greece, July 26, 2002 - August 4, 2002, successfully reviewed the state-of-the-art of nanostructures and nanotechnology. It was concluded that Nanotechnology is widely agreed to be the research focus that will lead to the next generation of breakthroughs in science and engineering. There are three cornerstones to the expectation that Nanotechnology will yield revolutionary advances in understanding and application: • Breakthroughs in properties that arise from materials fabricated from the nanoscale. • Synergistic behavior that arise from the combination of disparate types of materials (soft vs. hard, organic vs. inorganic, chemical vs. biological vs. solid state) at the nanoscale. • Exploitation of natural (e.g. chemical and biological) assembly mechanisms that can accomplish structural control at the nanoscale. It is expected that this will lead to paradigms for assembling bio-inspired functional systems that accomplish desirable properties that are either unavailable or prohibitively expensive using top-down approaches.

Preface. List of NATO ASI Proceedings Contributors. 1: Nanostructures and Nanotechnology. Perspectives and New Trends; T. Tsakalakos. 2: Synthesis of Nanostructures. Engineering of Nanostructured Materials; M. Muhammed. Size and Shape of Expitaxial Nanostructures; R.S. Williams, R. Mederiros-Ribeiro. Molecularly Assembled Interfaces for Nanomachines; V.V. Tsukruk. Shape Fabrication of Cotton-Derived Inorganic Hollow Ribbons; A.B. Bourlinos, et al. 3: Nanobiotechnology. Nature and Nanotechnology; S.C. Goheen, et al. 4: Processing and Consolidation. Genesis of Nanosized Particles, Grains, and Interfaces in the Rate-Controlled Processes of Synthesis and Sintering of Ceramics; A.V. Ragulya, V.V. Skorokhod. 5: Modelling and Mechanical Behaviour. Impact of Grain Boundaries on Structural and Mechanical Properties; H. van Swygenhoven, et al. Current Status of Grain Growth Modelling with Special Reference to Nanocrystalline Materials; C.S. Pande, R.A. Masumura. Discussion about Scaling Effects in Metal with a Continuum Mechanics Approach; S. Pommier, et al. 6: Mechanical Properties of Nanomaterials. Defects and Deformation Mechanisms in Nanocrystalline Materials; L.A. Ovid 'ko. Scale Dependent Anelasticity and Mechanical Behavior: the Case of Nanocrystalline Materials; E. Bonetti, et al. Bulk Nanostructured SPD Materials with Advanced Properties; R.Z. Valiev, I.V. Alexandrov. Heavily Drawn Eutectoid Steel: A Nanostructured Material; A. Phelippeau, et al. 7: Nanocrystallization and Phase Transformations in Nanostructured Materials. Cluster and Structure of the Amorphous State and (Nano)Crystallization of Rapidly Quenched Iron and Cobalt Based Systems; P. Svec, et al. The Influence of the Grain Boundary Phase Transitions on the Properties of Nanostructured Materials; B.B. Straumal. Atomic Ordering as a New Method of Producing a Nanostructure; A.I. Gusev, A.A. Rempel. Particularities of Martensitic Transformations in Nanostructured Fe-MN System Obtained by Mechanical Alloying; L. Yu, et al. 8: Nanostructured Films and Coatings. Misfit Defects in Nanostructured Films; A.E. Romanov. Microstructural Development of Ti-A1 Thin Films During Annealing; S.E. Romankov, B.N. Mukashev. Nanostructured Metal Oxide Films with Room Temperature Gas Sensing Properties; G. Kiriakidis, et al. Achievement of Nanocrystalline Structures after Thermal Annealing Amorphous W-SI-N Sputtered Films; A. Cavaleiro, P. Marques. Microwave Joining of ZrO2 and Al2 O3 Ceramics via Nanostructured Interlayers; Yu.V. Bykov, et al. 9: Characterization of Functionalized Nanostructures. Surface Chemistry and Functionalization of Semiconducting Nanosized Particles; M.I. Baraton. Spectroscopic Characterization of Nanocrystalline V/Ce Oxides for Novel Counter Electrodes; Z.C. Orel, A. Turkovic. Characterization of Nanocrystalline Alloys by Mössbauer Effect Techniques; M. Miglierini. Nanostructured Magnetic Films Investigated with Lorentz Transmission Electron Microscopy and Electron Holography; J.M. deHosson, et al. 10: Magnetic Properties of Nanostructures. Phase Separation in CMR Materials: the Role of Spin Nanoclusters; A. Simopoulos, et al. Effects of Interfaces on the Properties of Nanostructured Ni-[Cu(II)-C-O] and CoCrPt Films; G.M. Chow. Electroplating and