Morphology Methods Cell and Molecular Biology Techniques

The past several decades have witnessed an impressive array of conceptual and techno­ logical advances in the biomedical sciences. Much of the progress in this area has developed directly as a result of new morphology-based methods that have permitted the assessment of chemical, enzymatic, immunological, and molecular parameters at the cellular and tissue levels. Additional novel approaches including laser capture microdissection have also emerged for the acquisition of homogeneous cell popula­ tions for molecular analyses. These methodologies have literally reshaped the approaches to fundamental biological questions and have also had a major impact in the area of diagnostic pathology. Much of the groundwork for the development of morphological methods was estab­ th lished in the early part of the 19 century by Francois-Vincent Raspail, generally acknowledged as the founder of the science of histochemistry. The earliest work in the field was primarily in the hands of botanists and many of the approaches to the under­ standing of the chemical composition of cells and tissues involved techniques such as microincineration, which destroyed structural integrity. The development of aniline th dyes in the early 20 century served as a major impetus to studies of the structural rather than chemical composition of tissue. Later in the century, however, the focus returned to the identification of chemical constituents in the context of intact cell and tissue structure.

Introduction to Molecular Methods Ricardo V. Lloyd Laser Capture Microdissection: Principles and Applications Ricardo V. Lloyd (Protocols: H&E Staining, Operating the PIX Cell System; DNA Extraction from Collected Cells; RNA Extraction from Collected Cells) In Situ Hybridization: Detection of DNA and RNA Long Jin, Xiang Qian, and Ricardo V. Lloyd (Protocol: In Situ Hybridization) In Situ Detection of Infectious Agents Gary W. Procop and Randall Hayden (Protocols: Detecting Adenovirus, Epstein-Barr Virus) Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization (FISH) Susan Sheldon (Protocol: FISH Materials) Practical Applications of the FISH Technique George Kontogeorgos, Nikiforos Kapranos, and Eleni Thodou (Protocols: Metaphase Analysis from Whole Blood Culture; Metaphase Analysis from Solid Tumors; Interphase Analysis on Cell Imprints-Cytology Specimens; Interphase Analysis of Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Tissues) Tyramide Amplification Methods for In Situ Hybridization John L. Frater and Raymond R. Tubbs (Protocol: TSA, 1995; CARD/TSA with Nanogold; Tyramide-enhanced FISH with Peroxidase-labeled Oligonucleotides) Protocols: Ultrastructural In Situ Hybridization Akira Matsuno, Tadashi Nagashima, R. Yoshiyuki Osamura, and Keiichi Watanabe Quantitation of In Situ Hybridization Analysis Lars-Inge Larsson Protocols: Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy Akira Matsuno, Johbu Itoh, Tadashi Nagashima, R. Yoshiyuki Osamura, and Keiichi Watanabe Protocols: Polymerase Chain Reaction Yuri E. Nikiforov and Philip N. Howles Protocols: Detection of Nucleic Acids in Cells and Tissues by In Situ Polymerase Chain Reaction Omar Bagasra, Lisa E. Bobroski, and Muhammad Amjad Immunohistochemistry: Theory and Practice Patrick C. Roche and Eric D. His Antigen Retrieval Technique for Immunohistochemistry: Principles, Protocols, and Further Development Clive R. Taylor and Shan-Rong Shi (Protocol: Antigen Retrieval (AR) Technique) Tyramide Amplification in Immunohistochemistry Naoko Sanno, Akira Teramoto, and R. Yoshiyuki Osamura (Protocol: CARD Immunohistochemistry) Application of Immunohistochemistry in the Diagnosis of Lymphoid Lesions Paul J. Kurtin Applications of Immunohistochemistry in the Diagnosis of Undifferentiated Tumors Mark R. Wick and Lisa A Cerilli. Applications of Immunohistochemistry in the Diagnosis of Endocrine Lesions Ricardo V. Lloyd Ultrastructural Immunohistochemistry Sergio Vidal, Eva Horvath, and Kalman Kovacs (Protocol: Ultrastructural Immunohistochemistry) Protocols: Clonality Analysis, Aurel Perren and Paul Komminoth