Modern Approaches to Augmentation of Brain Function

This book covers recent advances in neural technology that provide for enhancements for brain function.  It addresses a broad range of neural phenomena occurring in the brain circuits involved in perception, cognition, emotion and action, that represent the building blocks of behavior and cognition. Augmentation of brain function can be achieved by using brain implants for recordings, stimulation, or drug delivery.  Alternative methods include employing brain-machine interfaces, as well as noninvasive activation of certain brain areas.  This volume evaluates existing methods of brain augmentation while discussing the brain circuitry and neuronal mechanisms that make augmentation possible.

 

This volume offers novel insights into brain disorders, and explores new devices for brain repair while also addressing the philosophical and ethical implications of brain augmentation. The information in this book is relevant to researchers in the fields of neuroscience, engineering, and clinical practice.

 

Advance Praise for Modern Approaches to Augmentation of Brain Function:

 

“This impressive book by leading experts in neuroscience and neuroengineering lays out the future of brain augmentation, in which the human mind and machine merge, leading to a rapid exponential growth of the power of humanity.”

Ray Kurzweil, best-selling author, inventor, entrepreneur and a recipient of the National Medal of Technology and Innovation (1999), and the Lemelson-MIT Prize (2001)

               

"This book employs a holistic approach in covering the recent advances in the fields of neuroscience, neuroinformatics, neurotechnology and neuro-psycho-pharmacology. Each chapter of the book covers major aspects of modern brain research in connection with the human mind and behavior, and is authored by researchers with unique expertise in their field. "

Ioan  Dumitrache, Prof. Dr. Eng. Faculty of Computer Science, Polytechnic University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania

 

“This book presents compelling perspectives on what interactive neuroscience will look like in the future, delving into the innovatory ideas of a diverse set of neuroscientists, and speculating on the different ways computer chips implanted in the brains of humans can effect intelligence and communication.”

György Buzsáki, MD, PhD is the Biggs Professor of Neuroscience, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY

PREFACE (Ioan Opris, Mikhail Lebedev, Manuel F. Casanova)

 

INTRODUCTION: What is the meaning of the augmented brain function? Jon H. Kaas

 

Part 1: Stimulating the brain

 

1) Using electrical stimulation to explore and augment the functions of parietal-frontal cortical networks in primates (Jon H. Kaas and Iwona Stepniewska)

 

2) Multi-system benefits of epidural stimulation following spinal cord injury (Guest J. D. Chang S. Santamaria A. J., Opris I. and Noga B. R.)

 

3) Neurostimulator for hippocampal memory prosthesis (Sahar Elyahoodayan, Wenxuan Jiang, Huijing Xu and Dong Song

 

4) Modern approaches to augmenting the brain functions (Ioan Opris, Brian R. Noga Mikhail Lebedev and Manuel F. Casanova)

 

Part II: Brain computer interfaces

 

5) Brain machine interfaces within a critical perspective (Antonio G. Zippo and Gabriele E. M. Biella)

 

6) An implantable wireless device for ECoG and cortical stimulation (Pantaleo Romanelli)

 

7) BCI Performance improvement by special low jitter quasi-steady State VEP paradigm  (Ibrahim Kaya, Jorge Bohorquez and Özcan Özdamar)

 

8) Communication with Brain-Computer Interfaces in Medical Decision-Making (Walter Glannon)

 

Part III: Augmenting cognitive function.

 

9) Neuroprotection and neurocognitive augmentation by photobiomodulation (F. Gonzalez-Lima)

 

10) Avoiding partial sleep - the way for augmentation of brain function (Ivan N. Pigarev and Marina L. Pigareva)

 

11) Augmentation of brain functions by nanotechnology (Ioan Opris, Nicholas Preza, Mikhail A. Lebedev, Brian Noga, Stephano Chang, Manuel F. Casanova, Mircea Lupusoru, Victor M. Pulgar, Sakhrat Khizroev, Jorge Bohorquez and Aurel Popescu)

 

12) The impact of ageing and age-related comorbidities on stroke outcome in animal models and humans (Aurel Popa-Wagner, Mircea Popescu-Driga and Daniela Glavan)

 

13) Diagnostic markers of sub-clinical depression based on functional connectivity (Yunkai Zhu, Jorge Bohorquez and Ioan Opris)

 

14) Transcranial magnetic stimulation in autism spectrum disorders: modulating brainwave abnormalities and behaviors (Manuel F. Casanova, Ioan Opris, Estate M. Sokhadze, Emily L. Casanova and Xiaoli Li)

 

15. Neurofeedback training with concurrent psychophysiological monitoring in children with autism spectrum disorder with comorbid attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder Sokhadze E. M., Kelly D. P., and Casanova M. F

 

Part IV: Futuristic approaches to augmentation

 

16) Augmentation through interconnection: brain-nets and telemedicine (Mikhail A. Lebedev, Igor A. Shaderkin, Ilia V. Ryabkov and Georgy S. Lebedev)

 

17) Cognitive augmentation via a brain/cloud interface (Angelica A., Opris IPrenume Boehm

 

18) Augmentation of neuro-marketing by neural technology (Qingguo Ma)

 

19) Augmentation of nutrition by nanotechnology (Cosmin Sonea, Mircea Lupusoru and Ioan Opris)

 

20) Neural spintronics: noninvasive augmentation of brain functions (Stewart E. Barnes, Ioan Opris, Brian R. Noga, Sunxiang Huang, Fulin Zuo)

 

Part V: Augmenting behavior

 

21) Does the power to suppress an action make us free? (Giovanni Mirabella)

 

22) Deep brain stimulation for Parkinson’s disease-future directions for enhancing motor function (Corneliu C. Luca, Joacir Graciolli Cordeiro, Iahn Cajigas and Jonathan Jagid)

 

23) Neuromodulation for gait (S. Chang, Ioan Opris, J. D. Guest and Brian R. Noga

 

24) Augmentation and rehabilitation with active orthotic devices (Gelu Onose, Maria Veronica Morcov, Corina Sporea, Andrada Mirea and Vlad Ciobanu)

 

Part VI: Augmenting cognition and emotion

 

25) Effects of rTMS on behavioral and electrocortical measures of error monitoring and correction function in children with autism spectrum disorder (Estate M. Sokhadze, Ioan Opris, Lonnie Sears, Ayman S. El-Baz, Allan Tasman and Manuel F. Casanova)

 

26) Affective Virtual Reality Gaming for Autism (Yi (Joy) Li, Estate M. Sokhadze, Hao (Irene) Luo, Ayman S. El-Baz and Adel S. Elmaghraby)

 

27) A machine learning approach to automatic phobia therapy with virtual reality (Oana Balan, Alin Moldoveanu and Marius Leordeanu)

 

Part VII: Pharmacological augmentation

 

28) Vision augmentation by pharmacological enhancement of the visual experience (Elvire Vaucher)

 

29) Cognitive enhancing substances and the developing brain: risks and benefits (Kimberly R. Urban and Wen-Jun Gao)

 

30) Pharmacological approaches in the augmentation and recovery of brain function (Dafin F. Mure?anu, Codru?a Bîrle, Livia Livin? Popa, Olivia Veri?ezan-Ro?u and ?tefan Strilciuc)

Manuel F. Casanova, MD is the SmartState Endowed Chair in Childhood Neurotherapeutics and a professor of Biomedical Sciences at the University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville. He is a former Gottfried and Gisela Kolb Endowed Chair in Outpatient Psychiatry and a Professor of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology at the University of Louisville.  Casanova's research focuses on the biological basis of neurodevelopment disorders, and abnormalities of cortical circuitry, in particular on the cell minicolumn. Using computerized imaging analysis, he has established the anatomical validity of the cell minicolumn. Casanova has reported interhemispheric differences in the morphometry of minicolumns that could provide explanations for the speciation of hominids. He has also reported on the use of transcranial magnetic stimulation as a possible therapeutic intervention in autism and on the use of gamma oscillation abnormalities as an outcome measure.