Mismatch and Labour Mobility

High and persistent unemployment was experienced by most developed countries during the 1980s and inflationary pressures emerged at rates of unemployment far higher than those experienced in the 1960s and 1970s. This suggests that there was an increase in the natural rate of unemployment. Many researchers have sought to explain this development in terms of 'mismatch', arguing that the economies that have suffered most from persistently high unemployment are those that have been least flexible in matching their unemployed with the available employment opportunities. The contributors to this volume examine the evidence on sectoral wage differentials, labour mobility and the ratio of unemployment to job vacancies, in detailed studies of seven countries with a wide variety of labour market and macro-economic structures. They analyse the variations in unemployment rates across regions, occupations and demographic groups and investigate whether these help to explain the growth and persistence of unemployment. The volume also includes a cross-country study of skills mismatch in relation to the effectiveness of training programmes.

1. A cross-country comparison of sectoral mismatch in the 1980s Fiorella Padoa Schioppa; 2. Mismatch: a framework for thought R. Jackman, R. Layard and S. Savouri; Discussion Sherwin Rosen; 3. Match and mismatch on the German labour market Wolfgang Franz; Discussion Renato Brunetta; 4. Mismatch in Japan Giorgio Brunello; Discussion Sushil Wadhwani; 5. Mismatch and internal migration in Spain, 1962–86 Samuel Bentolila and Juan J. Dolado; Discussion Nicola Rossi; 6. Regional inequalities, migration and mismatch in Italy, 1960–86 Orazio P. Attanasio and Fiorella Padoa Schioppa; Discussion Giuseppe Bertola; 7. Skill shortages and structural unemployment in Britain: a (mis)matching approach Charles R. Bean and Christopher A. Pissarides; Discussion Ugo Trivellato; 8. Labour market tightness and the mismatch between demand and supply of less-educated young men in the United States in the 1980s Richard B. Freeman; Discussion Michael Burda; 9. Skill mismatch, training systems and equilibrium unemployment: a comparative institutional analysis David Soskice; 10. Unemployment, vacancies and labour market programmes: Swedish evidence Per-Anders Edin and Bertil Holmlund; Discussion Dennis J. Snower; 11. Mismatch and labour mobility: some final remarks Katherine G. Abraham and S.J. Nickell; Index.

The contributors to this volume examine the evidence on sectoral wage differentials, labour mobility and the ratio of unemployment to job vacancies, in detailed studies of seven countries with a wide variety of labour market and macro-economic structures. They analyse the variations in unemployment rates across regions, occupations and demographic groups and investigate whether these help to explain the growth and persistence of unemployment.