Mathematics Manual for Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant Operators - Three Volume Set Water Treatment Operations / Basic Mathematics for Water and Wastewater Operations / Wastewater Treatment Operations

To properly operate a waterworks or wastewater treatment plant and to pass the examination for a waterworks/wastewater operator’s license, it is necessary to know how to perform certain calculations. All operators, at all levels of licensure, need a basic understanding of arithmetic and problem-solving techniques to solve the problems they typically encounter in the workplace.Hailed on its first publication as a masterly account written in an engaging, highly readable, user-friendly style, the Mathematics Manual for Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant Operators, Second Edition has been expanded and divided into three specialized texts that contain hundreds of worked examples presented in a step-by-step format. They are ideal for all levels of water treatment operators in training and practitioners studying for advanced licensure. In addition, they provide a handy desk reference and handheld guide for daily use in making operational math computations.Basic Mathematics for Water and Wastewater Operators introduces and reviews fundamental concepts critical to qualified operators. It builds a strong foundation based on theoretical math concepts, which it then applies to solving practical problems for both water and wastewater operations. Water Treatment Operations: Math Concepts and Calculations covers computations used in water treatment, and Wastewater Treatment Operations: Math Concepts and Calculations covers computations commonly used in wastewater treatment plant operations. The volumes present math operations that progressively advance to higher, more practical applications, including math operations that operators at the highest level of licensure would be expected to know and perform.To ensure correlation to modern practice and design, the volumes provide illustrative examples for commonly used waterworks and wastewater treatment operations covering unit process operations found in today’s treatment facilities. Readers working through the books systematically will acquire a definitive understanding of and skill in performing the applied water/wastewater calculations that are essential for a successful career in the water industry.

Volume 1:IntroductionThe 411 on MathematicsDimensional AnalysisBasic Units of Measurement and ConversionsSetting the StageUnits of MeasurementConversion FactorsConversionsWire-to-Water CalculationsAdvanced Units of Measurement and ConversionsSequence of OperationsSequence of Operations RulesSequence of Operations ExamplesFractions, Decimals, and PercentFractionsDecimalsPercentRounding and Significant DigitsRounding NumbersDetermining Significant FiguresPowers of Ten and ExponentsRulesPowersExamplesAverages (Arithmetic Mean) and MedianAveragesMedianSolving for the UnknownMath Rules of OperationEquationsAxiomsSolving EquationsChecking the AnswerSetting Up EquationsSummary of Key PointsRatios and ProportionsRatiosProportionsWorking with Ratios and ProportionsElectrical CalculationsElectrical Circuits and PowerSeries DC Circuit CharacteristicsParallel DC CircuitsCircumference, Area, and VolumePerimeter and CircumferenceAreaVolumeArea ExamplesVolume ExamplesForce, Pressure, Head, and Velocity CalculationsForce and PressureHeadVelocityForce, Pressure, Head, and Velocity ExamplesMass Balance and Measuring Plant PerformanceMass Balance for Settling TanksMass Balance Using BOD RemovalMeasuring Plant PerformancePlant Performance/EfficiencyUnit Process Performance and EfficiencyPercent Volatile Matter Reduction in SludgePumping CalculationsBasic Water Hydraulics CalculationsBasic Pumping CalculationsPositive-Displacement PumpsPumping ExamplesWater Source and Storage CalculationsWater Source CalculationsWater StorageWater Storage CalculationsCopper Sulfate DosingWater/Wastewater Laboratory CalculationsFaucet Flow EstimationService Line Flushing TimeComposite Sampling Calculation (Proportioning Factor)Biochemical Oxygen Demand CalculationsMoles and MolarityNormalitySettleability (Activated Biosolids Solids)Settleable SolidsBiosolids Total Solids, Fixed Solids, and Volatile SolidsWastewater Suspended Solids and Volatile Suspended SolidsBiosolids Volume Index and Biosolids Density IndexChemical Dosage CalculationsLaboratory ExamplesBasic Mathemathics Practice ProblemsBasic Math OperationsFundamental Water/Wastewater OperationsAppendix. Solutions to Chapter 17 ProblemsIndexVolume 2:Pumping CalculationsPumpingBasic Water Hydraulics CalculationsBasic Pumping CalculationsPositive-Displacement PumpsWater Source and Storage CalculationsWater SourcesWater Source CalculationsWater StorageWater Storage CalculationsCopper Sulfate DosingIron and Manganese RemovalCoagulation and Flocculation CalculationsCoagulationFlocculationCoagulation and Flocculation CalculationsCoagulation and Flocculation Practice ProblemsChemical FeedersChemical Feeder CalculationsSedimentation CalculationsSedimentationTank Volume CalculationsDetention TimeSurface Overflow RateMean Flow VelocityWeir Loading (Overflow) RatePercent Settled BiosolidsDetermining Lime Dosage (mg/L)Determining Lime Dosage (lb/day)Determining Lime Dosage (g/min)Sedimentation Practice ProblemsFiltration CalculationsWater FiltrationFlow Rate through a FilterFiltration RateUnit Filter Run VolumeBackwash RateVolume of Backwash Water RequiredRequired Depth of Backwash Water TankBackwash Pumping RatePercent Product Water Used for BackwateringPercent Mud Ball VolumeFilter Bed ExpansionFilter Loading RateFilter Medium SizeMixed MediaHead Loss for Fixed Bed FlowHead Loss through a Fluidized BedHorizontal Washwater TroughsFilter EfficiencyWater Filtration Practice ProblemsReferences and Recommended ReadingWater Chlorination CalculationsChlorine DisinfectionDetermining Chlorine Dosage (Feed Rate)Calculating Chlorine Dose, Demand, and ResidualBreakpoint Chlorination CalculationsCalculating Dry Hypochlorite Feed RateCalculating Hypochlorite Solution Feed RateCalculating Percent Strength of SolutionsChemical Use CalculationsChlorination Math Practice ProblemsFluoridationWater FluoridationFluoride CompoundsOptimal Fluoride LevelsFluoridation Process CalculationsFluoridation Math Practice ProblemsWater SofteningWater HardnessDetermining AlkalinityDetermining Bicarbonate, Carbonate, and Hydroxide AlkalinityLime Dosage Calculation for Removal of Carbonate HardnessCalculation for Removal of Noncarbonate HardnessRecarbonation CalculationCalculating Feed RatesIon Exchange CapacityWater Treatment CapacityTreatment Time Calculations (Until Regeneration Required)Salt and Brine Required for RegenerationWater Treatment Practice CalculationsAppendix. Solutions to Chapter 9 ProblemsIndexVolume 3:Flow, Velocity, and Pumping CalculationsVelocity and Flow ExamplesVelocity and Flow Practice ProblemsPumpingBasic Water Hydraulics CalculationsBasic Pumping CalculationsPositive-Displacement PumpsPreliminary Treatment CalculationsWet Well Capacity and Pumping RateScreeningGrit RemovalScreening and Grit Removal Practice ProblemsPrimary Treatment CalculationsProcess Control CalculationsPrimary Treatment Practice ProblemsTrickling Filter CalculationsTrickling Filter Process CalculationsTrickling Filter Practice ProblemsRotating Biological ContactorsRBC Process Control CalculationsRBC Practice ProblemsActivated BiosolidsActivated Biosolids Process Control CalculationsActivated Biosolids Practice ProblemsTreatment PondsTreatment Pond ParametersTreatment Pond Process Control CalculationsTreatment Pond Practice ProblemsChemical Dosage CalculationsChemical DosingChemical Dosage Practice ProblemsBiosolids Production and Pumping CalculationsProcess ResidualsPrimary and Secondary Solids Production CalculationsPercent SolidsBiosolids PumpingBiosolids Production and Pumping Practice CalculationsBiosolids Thickening CalculationsThickeningGravity/Dissolved Air Flotation Thickener CalculationsCentrifuge Thickening CalculationsBiosolids Thickening Practice ProblemsBiosolids DigestionBiosolids StabilizationAerobic Digestion Process Control CalculationsAnaerobic Digestion Process Control CalculationsBiosolids Digestion Practice ProblemsBiosolids Dewatering and DisposalBiosolids DewateringPressure Filtration CalculationsRotary Vacuum Filter Dewatering CalculationsSand Drying Bed CalculationsBiosolids DisposalBiosolids to CompostBiosolids Dewatering and Disposal Practice ProblemsWater/Wastewater Laboratory CalculationsThe Wastewater LabComposite Sampling Calculation (Proportioning Factor)Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) CalculationsMoles and MolarityNormalitySettleability (Activated Biosolids Solids)Settleable SolidsBiosolids Total Solids, Fixed Solids, and Volatile SolidsWastewater Suspended Solids and Volatile Suspended SolidsBiosolids Volume Index and Biosolids Density IndexWastewater Treatment Practice CalculationsAppendix A. Solutions to Chapter 14 ProblemsAppendix B. Formulas

Frank R. Spellman, PhD, is a retired assistant professor of environmental health at Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, and the author of more than 90 books covering topics ranging from concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) to all areas of environmental science and occupational health. He consults on homeland security vulnerability assessments for critical infrastructures, including water/wastewater facilities, and conducts audits for Occupational Safety and Health Administration and Environmental Protection Agency inspections throughout the country. Dr. Spellman lectures on sewage treatment, water treatment, and homeland security, as well as on safety topics, throughout the country and teaches water/wastewater operator short courses at Virginia Tech in Blacksburg.