Marine Benthic Vegetation Recent Changes and the Effects of Eutrophication

Increasing amounts of various types of wastes and pollutants including nutrients enter the coastal waters via rivers, direct discharges from land drainage systems, diffuse land runoff, dumping and via the atmosphere. This has led to coastal eutrophication and in extreme cases to hypertrophication. Until recently, coastal eutrophication and the resulting effects on marine macrophytes were mainly treated as local short-term problems. However, the local nearshore problems developed into overall coastal and inshore phenomena, and recently we have been facing coastal eutrophication problems on a global scale.
This book is the first comprehensive document, systematically covering the entire coastline of Europe, on the effects of eutrophication on the marine benthic vegetation.

A General Aspects.- 1 The Occurrence of “Green Tides” — a Review.- 2 The Management of Eutrophicated Waters.- 3 Coastal Eutrophication and Marine Benthic Vegetation: A Model Analysis.- 4 Aquaculture Methods for Use in Managing Eutrophicated Waters.- B Regional Observations and Investigations.- 5 The Baltic Sea and Its Transition Zones.- 6 The Northern Atlantic Coasts (The Swedish West Coast, Norway and Iceland).- B.I The North Sea and the Atlantic Coasts of Western and Southern Europe.- 7 The North Sea Coasts of Denmark, Germany and the Netherlands.- 8 The British Isles.- 9 The French Atlantic Coasts.- 10 Spanish Atlantic Coasts.- 11 Portugal.- B.II The Mediterranean.- 12 The Spanish Mediterranean Coasts.- 13 France — The Mediterranean Lagoons.- 14 Italy — The Orbetello Lagoon and the Tuscan Coast.- 15 Italy — The Lagoon of Venice.- 16 The Northern Adriatic Sea.- 17 Greece.- 18 Turkey.- B. III The Black Sea.- 19 The Black Sea.- Conclusions.- Species Index.