Mammalian Heme Peroxidases Diverse Roles in Health and Disease

Mammalian heme peroxidase enzymes play a critical role in innate immune responses and disease prevention. The formation of potent chemical oxidants is essential to this protective physiologic activity in immunity. Although highly beneficial in the context of immune defense, it is now well established that peroxidases and their overproduction of oxidants contribute to the initiation and persistence of many chronic inflammatory conditions in the cardiovascular, neurologic, respiratory, renal, and gastrointestinal systems. Peroxidasins, a protein family related to heme peroxidases, play a novel role in tissue biogenesis and matrix assembly, which are also attracting attention in different pathological contexts. Given the diverse roles of mammalian heme peroxidases and the breadth and incidence of pathologies associated with these enzymes, there has been significant interest in modulating peroxidase activity as a therapeutic strategy. This book highlights recent developments in our understanding of the chemistry, biochemistry and biological roles of mammalian peroxidases and their associated oxidants, their involvement in both innate immunity and chronic inflammatory disease in a variety of end organs, and potential therapeutic approaches to modulate and prevent damaging reactions. Key Features Structure and biosynthesis of mammalian peroxidases Reactivity of hypohalous acids with biological substrates Peroxidases in innate immunity Peroxidases in human pathology Modulation of peroxidase-induced biological damage

SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION TO MAMMALIAN HEME PEROXIDASES Chapter 1: Evolution, structure and biochemistry of human peroxidases Paul G. Furtmüller, Marcel Zámocký, Stefan Hofbauer, Christian Obinger* Chapter 2: Biosynthesis of mammalian heme proteins, peroxidases and NADPH oxidases William M. Nauseef* Chapter 3: Peroxidasin structure and function Gábor Sirokmány, Hajnal A. Kovács, Miklós Geiszt* SECTION 2: REACTIVITY OF PEROXIDASE OXIDANTS Chapter 4: Reactivity of peroxidase-derived oxidants with proteins, glycoproteins and proteoglycans Michael J. Davies* Chapter 5: Reactivity of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) with nucleic acids, RNA and DNA. Clare L. Hawkins* Chapter 6: Reactivity of peroxidase oxidants with lipids: The generation of biologically important modified lipids Daniel P. Pike and David A. Ford* Chapter 7: Roles of myeloperoxidase in the oxidation of apolipoproteins: Interest of monitoring MPO oxidation of apolipoproteins A-1 and B-100 to improve the estimation of lipoprotein quality in cardiovascular diseases Catherine Coremans, Karim Zouaoui Boudjeltia, Pierre Van Antwerpen and Cédric Delporte* Chapter 8: Global profiling of cell responses to (pseudo)hypohalous acids Joshua Chandler* SECTION 3: PEROXIDASES IN INNATE IMMUNITY Chapter 9: MPO and immune cell recruitment and activation Anne Klinke and Martin Mollenhauer* Chapter 10: Bactericidal activity of the oxidants derived from mammalian heme peroxidases Heather L. Shearer, Nina Dickerhof and Mark B. Hampton* Chapter 11: Priming the innate immune system to combat respiratory disease Brian Day* SECTION 4: PEROXIDASES IN PATHOLOGY Chapter 12: Imaging the reactivity of MPO in vivo Cuihua Wang, Negin Jalali Motlagh, Enrico G. Kuellenberg, and John W. Chen* Chapter 13: Role of MPO in endothelial dysfunction and cell signaling in atherosclerosis Benjamin Rayner* Chapter 14: MPO in ischemic heart disease Dennis Mehrkens, Simon Geißen, Stephan Baldus, and Volker Rudolph* Chapter 15: Role of MPO in neurodegenerative disease Wanda F. Reynolds* and Richard A. Maki Chapter 16: The pathogenesis and consequences of MPO-dependent ANCA and glomerulonephritis Meghan E. Free*, Dominic J. Ciavatta, J. Charles Jennette and Ronald J. Falk Chapter 17: Role of peroxidasins in disease Gautam Bhave* SECTION 5: PREVENTION OF MPO INDUCED DAMAGE Chapter 18: Structure, function, and mechanistic insights into a novel family of myeloperoxidase inhibitory proteins expressed by Staphylococci Molly Allison, Nitin Mishra and Brian V. Geisbrecht*

Clare Hawkins is a Professor in the Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen. She appointed in March 2017 after nearly 20 years in Sydney at the Heart Research Institute, where she held the position of Scientific Director and the Inflammation Group Leader. Clare is a former Australian Research Council Future Fellow, and Principal Research Fellow within Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney. She completed her PhD in Chemistry at the University of York (UK) before making the move to Sydney where she eventually became Head of the Inflammation Group at the Heart Research Institute. Her research is focused on understanding how chemical oxidants modulate cellular function under inflammatory conditions, and the role of these reactions in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases, including atherosclerosis. Prof Hawkins has been awarded prestigious Career Development Awards including a R. Douglas Wright Biomedical Fellowship from the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) of Australia in 2003, a Career Development Fellowship from the National Heart Foundation of Australia (NHF), and an Australian Research Council (ARC) Future Fellowship, together with project grants from both European and Australian funding agencies. She has authored several book chapters and about 100 peer-reviewed journal articles in high-quality, journals, attracting more than 5000 citations. William M. Nauseef is a professor in the Department of Microbiology at the University of Iowa. He also serves as the Director of the Inflammation Program, also at the University of Iowa. He received his MD from the SUNY Upstate Medical Center, Syracuse, New York. He is Board Certified by the American Board of Internal Medicine in Infectious Diseases. He is the author or co-author of over 180 peer reviewed papers, has co-authored 2 books, and co-authored dozens of book chapters. His research program over the past ~ four decades has focused on elucidating the cell and molecular biology of human neutrophils within the context of innate host defense against infection.