Land Use Change and Mountain Biodiversity

Part of the worldwide biodiversity program DIVERSITAS, the Global Mountain Biodiversity Assessment (GMBA) assesses the biological richness of high-elevation biota. GMBA’s focus includes the uppermost forest regions or their substitute rangeland vegetation, the treeline ecotone, and the alpine and nival belts. Providing more than description, the GMBA explains the causes of biological richness and how diversity changes over time. Because biodiversity changes often result from human land use, part of the GMBA agenda is the assessment of land use impacts. These assessments are critical in low-latitude regions, where land use pressure on upland biota is the greatest. The chapters of Land Use Change and Mountain Biodiversity derive from a peer-review process that followed presentations offered at two GMBA workshops, one in Tanzania and the other in Bolivia. More than 50 researchers actively participated in these events, discussing information from all major mountain regions, with a particular focus on the Andes and on African mountains.

High-Elevation Land Use, Biodiversity, and Ecosystem Functioning. Diversity of Afroalpine Vegetation and Ecology of Treeline Species in the Bale Mountains, Ethiopia, and the Influence of Fire.Is Afroalpine Plant Biodiversity Negatively Affected by High-Altitude Fires?The Impact of Fire on Diversity, Structure, and Composition of the Vegetation on Mt. Kilimanjaro. Effects of Fire on the Diversity of Geometrid Moths on Mt. Kilimanjaro. The Influence of Fire on Mountain Sclerophyllous Forests and Their Small-Mammal Communities in Madagascar.Fire, Plant Species Richness, and Aerial Biomass Distribution in Mountain Grasslands of Northwest Argentina.  The Biodiversity of the Columbian Páramo and Its Relation to Anthropogenic Impact. Grazing Impact on Vegetation Structure and Plant Species Richness in an Old-Field Succession of the Venezuelan Paramos. Vegetation and Grazing Patterns in Andean Environments: A Comparison of Pastoral Systems in Punas and Páramos. Grazing Intensity, Plant Diversity, and Rangeland Conditions in the Southeastern Andes of Peru (Palccoyo, Cusco). Importance of Carrying Capacity in Sustainable Management of Key High-Andean Puna Rangelands (Bofedales) in Ulla Ulla, Bolivia. Functional Diversity of Wetland Vegetation in the High-Andean Páramo, Venezuela.Millennia of Grazing History in Eastern Ladakh, India, Reflected in Rangeland Vegetation. Alpine Grazing in the Snowy Mountains of Australia: Degradation and Stabilization of the Ecosystem. Plant Species Diversity, Forest Structure, and Tree Regeneration in Subalpine Wood Pastures. Vegetation of the Pamir (Tajikistan): Land Use and Desertification Problems.Effects of Grazing on Biodiversity, Productivity, and Soil Erosion of Alpine Pastures in Tajik Mountains. Patterns of Forest Recovery in Grazing Fields in the Subtropical Mountains of Northwest Argentina.Climatic and Anthropogenic Influences on the Dynamics of Prosopis ferox Forests in

Spehn, Eva M.; Liberman, Maximo; Korner, Christian