Introduction to Human Factors and Ergonomics for Engineers

Supplying a breadth and depth of coverage beyond that found in most traditional texts, Introduction to Human Factors and Ergonomics for Engineers, Second Edition presents and integrates important methods and tools used in the fields of Industrial Engineering, Human Factors and Ergonomics to design and improve jobs, tasks and products. It presents these topics with a practical, applied orientation suitable for engineering undergraduate students. See What’s New in the Second Edition: Revised order of chapters to group together topics related to the physical and cognitive aspects of human-integrated systems Substantially updated material emphasizes the design of products people work with, tasks or jobs people perform, and environments in which people live The book has sufficient material to be used in its entirety for a two semester sequence of classes, or in part for a single semester course, focusing on selected topics covered in the text. The authors provide a set of guidelines and principles for the design and analysis of human-integrated systems and highlights their application to industry and service systems. It addresses the topics of human factors, work measurement and methods improvement, and product design an approachable style. The common thread throughout the book is on how better "human factors" can lead to improved safety, comfort, enjoyment, acceptance, and effectiveness in all application arenas. Packed with cases studies and examples, readers can use well beyond the classroom and into their professional lives.

A GUIDED TOUR OF ERGONOMIC DESIGNAbout This ChapterIntroductionWhat Is Ergonomic Design?Human-Centered DesignMilitary Equipment DesignErgonomic CriteriaModels of Human PerformanceMacroergonomicsCarrots and SticksTrends in Industry That Impact Ergonomic DesignOrganizations and Additional Information on Ergonomic DesignErgonomic MethodsFinal RemarksReferencesDiscussion Questions and ExercisesTHE HUMAN SYSTEMAbout This ChapterIntroductionThe Skeletal SubsystemThe MusclesBody MovementThe Sensory SubsystemsSupport SubsystemsFinal RemarksReferencesDiscussion Questions and ExercisesDESIGN TO FIT TASKS, PROCESSES, AND PEOPLEAbout The ChapterIntroductionErgonomic Design PrinciplesVisual Graphics of OperationsAnalysis of Tasks and JobsFinal RemarksReferencesDiscussion Questions and ExercisesASSESSMENT AND DESIGN OF THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENTAbout the ChapterIntroductionCleanliness, Clutter, and DisorderTemperature and HumidityLightening and IlluminationNoiseFinal RemarksReferencesDiscussion Questions and ExercisesDESIGN OF WORK AREAS, TOOLS, AND EQUIPMENTAbout the ChapterIntroductionApplied AnthropometryDesign of Work Areas and StationsOffice DesignDesign of Tools and EquipmentProtective Equipment for the OperatorAccommodating Handicapped PeopleFinal RemarksReferencesDiscussion Questions and ExercisesMETHODS IMPROVEMENT & MOTION ANALYSIS OF PHYSICAL TASKSAbout the ChapterIntroductionMethods ImprovementMotion and Micromotion StudyManual Materials HandlingFinal RemarksReferencesDiscussion Questions and ExercisesMEASUREMENT OF HUMAN PERFORMANCEAbout the ChapterIntroductionSome Probabilistic AssumptionsTime StudyPerformance LevelingDetermining AllowancesMaintaining StandardsIndirect Performance MeasurementCriteria Other Than TimeFinal RemarksReferencesDiscussion Questions and ExercisesPREDICTING HUMAN PERFORMANCEAbout the ChapterIntroductionSynthetic Data SystemsStandard Data SystemsCognitive ModelingFinal CommentsReferencesDiscussion Questions and ExercisesMEASUREMENT OF LEARNING AND FORGETTING About This ChapterIntroductionPerformance Criteria and Experience UnitsSome Learning Curve ModelsComparing Alternatives for LearnabilityThe Correct Learning Curve ModelForgetting CurvesFinal CommentsReferencesDiscussion Questions and ExercisesSAMPLING METHODS IN INDUSTRIAL ERGONOMICSAbout This ChapterIntroductionActivity SamplingSampling StrategiesSequential Bayesian Work SamplingFinal CommentsReferencesDiscussion Questions and ExercisesQUESTIONNAIRES AND INTERVIEWAbout the ChapterIntroductionQuestionnaire DesignInterviewsFinal RemarksReferencesDiscussion Questions and ExercisesSIMULATION IN ERGONOMIC DESIGNAbout the ChapterIntroductionEssential Elements of Computer SimulationCognitive SimulationOperator-in-the-Loop SimulationA Simulation StrategyDesign of Simulation ExperimentsFinal RemarksReferencesDiscussion Questions and ExercisesDESIGN FOR CREW-TEAM OPERATIONSAbout the ChapterIntroductionIndustrial Work TeamsSimulating Industrial CrewsResearch, Development, and Design TeamsFinal RemarksReferencesDiscussion Questions and ExercisesERGONOMICS IN MAINTENANCE AND REPAIRAbout the ChapterIntroductionSystem Reliability and AvailabilityMaintenance ProgramsReducing Maintenance EffortFinal RemarksReferencesDiscussion Questions and ExercisesERGONOMICS OF PRODUCT QUALITY AND USABILITYAbout the ChapterIntroductionQuality Management & Customer Driven DesignUsability Analysis & TestingDesigned ExperimentsFinal RemarksReferencesExercises and Discussion QuestionsINSPECTION & QUALITY CONTROLAbout the ChapterIntroductionSome Common Types of InspectionHuman InspectionSignal Detection Theory (SDT)Inspection EconomicsImprovement & Correction StrategiesFinal CommentsReferencesDiscussion Questions and ExercisesMACROERGONOMICS OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTHAbout This ChapterIntroductionSome Historical BackgroundFundamental Concepts of Industrial Safety and HealthContemporary Occupational Health and Safety ManagementHazards and Control MeasuresWarnings and Safety ProgramsFinal RemarksReferencesDiscussion Questions and ExercisesCOMMUNICATION AND DISPLAY DESIGNAbout the ChapterIntroductionCommunication TheoryHuman Information ProcessingDisplay DesignFinal CommentsReferencesDiscussion Questions and ExercisesERGONOMICS OF CONTROLAbout this ChapterIntroductionControl SystemsManual ControlDesign of ControlsFuzzy ControlSupervisory ControlFinal CommentsReferencesSome Discussion QuestionsDECISION MAKING & DECISION SUPPORTAbout This ChapterIntroductionClassical or Normative Decision TheoryBehavioral Decision TheoryNaturalistic Decision TheoryGroup Decision MakingDecision SupportFinal RemarksReferencesPERSONNEL SELECTION, PLACEMENT, AND TRAININGAbout the ChapterIntroductionPersonnel Selection and PlacementTrainingJob AidsEconomic Considerations in TrainingFinal CommentsReferencesDiscussion and Exercise QuestionsSuggested SolutionsDESIGN FOR COMPENSATION AND ACCOMMODATION About This ChapterIntroductionJob EvaluationMeasuring ProductivityWage AdministrationJob Design for Sub-PopulationsFinal RemarksReferencesSome Discussion QuestionsSome ExercisesSolutions to ExercisesAppendix A: Selling Ergonomics to ManagementAppendix B: Economic Analysis of Projects in Ergonomic Design and ManagementAppendix C: Some Probability DistributionsAppendix D: Tables of Statistical DistributionsAppendix E: Some Fundamentals of Statistical Regression and Correlation Appendix F: Fundamentals of Analysis of Variance