Introduction, 1 Greek Cultural Background 2 The Primary Stuff and Structure of the World: The Milesians and Pythagoreans 3 Change, Stability, and Permanence: Heraclitus and the Eleatics 4 Reconciliation of Eleaticism and Experience: The Pluralists and Atomists 5 The Sophists 6 Socrates 7 Plato: Metaphysics and Theology 8 Plato: Theory of Knowledge 9 Plato: Ethics and Politics 10 Aristotle: Metaphysics 11 Aristotle: Physics, Biology, and Psychology 12 Aristotle: Knowledge and Logic, 13 Aristotle: Ethics and Politics 14 Hellenistic Cultural Background 15 Epicureanism 16 Stoicism 17 Skepticism 18 Neo-Platonism 19 Augustine