International Trade and Developing Countries Bargaining Coalitions in GATT and WTO

This book provides a much-needed study of the bargaining coalitions of developing countries in the GATT and WTO. It traces, explains and theorizes on the formation and achievements of coalitions from 1982 to the present day.
Bargaining together in groups is common practice in international negotiations and the limited bargaining power of developing countries makes coalitions an especially crucial instrument for their effective diplomacy. This book investigates the relevance and workability of coalitions as an instrument of bargaining power for the weak and analyses the coalition strategies of developing countries at inter-state level.
The book focuses principally on coalitions involving developing countries and international trade. Through the case studies of the Uruguay Round and an analytical overview of more recent coalitions, the book fills a gap in the literature of international political economy and international relations.

Akeen analysis of how and why countries bargain together in groups in world affairs, and why such coalitions are crucial to individual developing nations. It also reveals the effects these negotiating blocs are having on world affairs. Successful coalition building has proven to be a difficult and expensive process. Allies are often not obvious and need to be carefully identified. Large numbers do not necessarily entail a proportionate increase in influence. And the weak have the choice of teaming up against or jumping on the bandwagon with the strong. Even after it has been organised, collective action entails costs of many kinds. This book investigates the relevance and workability of coalitions asinstruments of bargaining power for the weak. More specifically, this analyzes the coalition strategies of developing countries at the inter-state level, particularly in the context of international trade. Given the nature of this enquiry, this new study uses theoretical and empirical methods to complement each other. The theoretical approach draws from a plethora of writings: formal theories of clubs and coalitions, theories of domestic political economy and theories of international relations. The empirical analysis of comparable coalitions becomes necessary to assist in this theorising, so the greater part of the book focuses mainly (though not exclusively) on coalitions involving developing countries on the issue-area of trade in services. Through the case-studies of the Uruguay Round and an analytical overview of more recent coalitions, this text fills an important gap in the literature of international political economy and international relations where most GATT/WTO-based coalitions have eluded record. This book will be of great interest to all students of international relations, politics and globalization.

Introduction: Bargaining Together: Why and How? Coalitions in the GATT and the Entry of Services 1. Bloc Diplomacy: The Informal Group and the G-10 2. Alliance Diplomacy: The Issue-Based, Crossover Coalitions of G-20 and Café au Lait 3. Combination Diplomacy: Issue-Based Blocs and Sub-Sectoral Crossover Coalitions 4. Evolved Alliances: The Cairns Group and Chapter 5. Friends of Services Group 6. Regionalism: A Springboard for Bargaining? 7. Coalitions of the New Round: Developing Countries 8. At Seattle and Doha 9. Conclusion Bibliography

Amrita Narlikar is Lecturer at the Centre of International Studies, University of Cambridge; Senior Research Associate at the Centre for International Studies, University of Oxford; member of the Economic Negotiations Network based at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles and the Latin American Trade Network, Buenos Aires.