In Situ Bioavailability and Toxicity of Organic Chemicals in Aquatic Systems

This detailed volume examines the complex study of the assessment of in situ bioavailability and toxicity of organic chemicals in aquatic systems with a toolbox of reliable techniques. Beginning with a section on approaches for chemical analytical and bioanalytical techniques in bioavailability research, the book continues with methods to monitor effects in situ and conduct bioassays to assess the effects of complex environmental samples. It concludes with descriptions of various computational models. Written for the Methods in Pharmacology and Toxicology series, chapters feature the kind of expert implementation advice that leads to greater success in the field. 

- Part I: Chemical Analytical and Bioanalytical Techniques in Bioavailability Research: Passive Sampling/Dosing and Bioaccumulation Assessments. - 1. Equilibrium Sampling of Hydrophobic Organic Contaminants in Sediments. - 2. Passive Sampling of Waterborne Contaminants. - 3. Using Tenax Extractable Concentrations to Determine the Bioavailable Contaminant Fraction in Sediments. - 4. Quantifying Bioaccumulation in the Aquatic Environment. - Part II: Monitoring of Effects In Situ and Bioassays to Assess the Effects of Complex Environmental Samples. - 5. In Situ Determination of Genotoxic Effects in Fish Erythrocytes Using Comet and Micronucleus Assays. - 6. Assessing Adverse Effects of Legacy and Emerging Contaminants in Fish Using Biomarker Analysis and Histopathology in Active Monitoring Scenarios. - 7. In Situ Exposure of Aquatic Invertebrates to Detect the Effects of Point and Nonpoint Source-Related Chemical Pollution in Aquatic Ecosystems. - 8. Whole-Sediment Toxicity Bioassay to Determine Bioavailability and Effects of Aquatic Contaminants Using Zebrafish Embryos. - 9. Nematode-Based Effect Assessment in Freshwater Sediments. - Part III: Computational Models for Interspecies Comparison and Extrapolation from the Lab to the Field. - 10. In Vitro-In Vivo Extrapolation to Predict Bioaccumulation and Toxicity of Chemicals in Fish Using Physiologically Based Toxicokinetic Models. - 11. Cross-Species Extrapolation Using a Simplified In Vitro Tissue Explant Assay in Fish. - 12. Extrapolation of Laboratory-Measured Effects to Fish Populations in the Field.