Hydro-Environmental Analysis Freshwater Environments

Focusing on fundamental principles, Hydro-Environmental Analysis: Freshwater Environments presents in-depth information about freshwater environments and how they are influenced by regulation. It provides a holistic approach, exploring the factors that impact water quality and quantity, and the regulations, policy and management methods that are necessary to maintain this vital resource. It offers a historical viewpoint as well as an overview and foundation of the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics affecting the management of freshwater environments. The book concentrates on broad and general concepts, providing an interdisciplinary foundation. The author covers the methods of measurement and classification; chemical, physical, and biological characteristics; indicators of ecological health; and management and restoration. He also considers common indicators of environmental health; characteristics and operations of regulatory control structures; applicable laws and regulations; and restoration methods. The text delves into rivers and streams in the first half and lakes and reservoirs in the second half. Each section centers on the characteristics of those systems and methods of classification, and then moves on to discuss the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of each. In the section on lakes and reservoirs, it examines the characteristics and operations of regulatory structures, and presents the methods commonly used to assess the environmental health or integrity of these water bodies. It also introduces considerations for restoration, and presents two unique aquatic environments: wetlands and reservoir tailwaters. Written from an engineering perspective, the book is an ideal introduction to the aquatic and limnological sciences for students of environmental science, as well as students of environmental engineering. It also serves as a reference for engineers and scientists involved in the management, regulation, or restoration of freshwater environments.

Introduction Hydro-Environmental Analysis, or What Is in a Name? Hydrologic Cycle Patterns in Water Management in the United States References Part I Rivers and Streams Rivers and Streams, Characteristics Let the Confusion Begin Characteristics of Rivers and Streams References Regulated Rivers Introduction Flow Modification Structures Channel Modifications Watersheds Abstractions and Augmentation Introduction to U.S. Water Law Management Alternatives References Flows and Transport in Rivers: Measurement and Analysis Introduction Watershed Impacts Stages of Measuring Flow Characterization and Analysis of Flow Transport Patterns Methods for Determining Instream Flow Requirements: Environmental Flows Selected Water Quality Processes in Rivers and Streams Introduction Light Temperature Sedimentation Dissolved Oxygen pH Nutrients Toxic Materials. References Biota of Rivers and Streams: An Introduction Spatial Scale and Distribution Autotrophs Heterotrophs Sources and Distribution of Organic Matter References Measures of the Health of Rivers and Streams Introduction Ambient Water Quality Criteria Minimum Flows (Or How Much Water Does a River Need, and When?) Habitat Requirements Indicator Organisms Rapid Bioassessments Biological Diversity Biological Integrity Invasive Species References Introduction to Stream Restoration Introduction Anthropogenic Impacts Restoration Goals and Guiding Principals Restoration Intent and Techniques References Part II Lakes and Reservoirs Introduction to Lakes and Reservoirs: Geomorphology and Classification What Is a Lake, or a Reservoir? General Characteristics Brief History of Limnology Overview of Origin and Size References Those Dammed Lakes Reservoirs (Dammed Rivers) Project Purposes: Storage and Pool Level Control Types of Dams Conveyance Structures Pretty Dammed Old (Dam Failures and Dam Safety) Decommissioning/Removing Dams References Zones and Shapes in Lakes and Reservoirs Introduction Lake Zonation and Nomenclature Lake Basin and Characteristics References Light and Heat in Lakes and Reservoirs Distribution of Light and Heat Exchange Light and Water Interactions Surface Heat Balance Water Density Lake Stratification Classification Based on Mixing Ice Formation and Cover References Transport and Mixing Processes in Lakes and Reservoirs Introduction Water Movement: Waves, Currents, and Inflows What about Dams? References Chemical and Water Quality Kinetic Characteristics and Processes Dissolved Gases Total Dissolved Gas Oxic versus Anoxic Reservoir Processes Oxygen Nitrogen Phosphorus pH, Alkalinity, and CO Sulfides and Sulfates Iron and Manganese Methane References Biota of Lakes and Reservoirs Classification Factors Affecting Distribution Characteristics of Organisms by Zone Invasive Species. References Lake Production, Succession, and Eutrophication Primary and Secondary Productivity Geologic Lake Succession Eutrophication Metrics for Eutrophication References. Restoration and Management of Lakes and Reservoirs Lake Management and Restoration Clean Water Act Control and Management of Sedimentation Control of Algae Aquatic Plant Management Fish and Fisheries Management References Dam Tailwaters Introduction and Issues Dam Releases and Impacts Regulatory Issues Methods to Improve Tailwater Quality References Freshwater Wetlands: An Introduction Introduction Wetland Types Wetland Identification and Classification Wetland Trends: Historical Wetlands and the CWA Swampbuster Provisions Wetland Restoration and Construction References Index

James Lenial Martin is professor of civil engineering in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Mississippi State University. His degrees include a bachelor of science in wildlife science from Texas A&M, a bachelor of science in civil engineering from Texas A&M, a master of science in biology from Southwest Texas State University, and a PhD in Civil and Environmental Engineering from Texas A&M. He has more than 30 years of experience conducting and managing water quality modeling projects and developing and applying models of hydrodynamics and water quality. He has authored/coauthored over 100 technical reports and publications.