Honey Bee Colony Health Challenges and Sustainable Solutions

Modern commercial beekeeping has changed from primarily honey production to crop pollination. With this change has come extraordinary stress—colonies are moved multiple times a year, increasing their exposure to diseases, parasites, and hive pests. Antibiotics and acaricides are being applied more frequently, resulting in resistance and comb contamination. The future use of bee colonies as mobile pollinator populations requires modern management methods with fresh perspectives on nutrition, breeding practices, and the role of microbes in sustaining colony health. Honey Bee Colony Health: Challenges and Sustainable Solutions summarizes the current status of honey bees and possible reasons for their decline. This beautifully illustrated volume provides a foundation for management methods that maintain colony health. Integrating discussions of Colony Collapse Disorder, the chapters range from information on the new microsporidian Nosema ceranae pathogens, the current status of the parasitic bee mites, updates on bee viruses, and the effects of these problems on our important bee pollinators. This indispensable text also presents methods for diagnosing diseases and updated information on the current status of bee breeding. Honey bee colonies are in greater demand and are renting for higher fees than ever before. Finding ways to prevent outbreaks of disease and to control parasites is essential for reducing colony losses. The accumulation of knowledge from a range of bee scientists, Honey Bee Colony Health: Challenges and Sustainable Solutions aims to inspire future generations of researchers, beekeepers, and students to continue to study bees and keep them healthy and pollinating.

Honey Bee Health: The Potential Role of MicrobesGloria DeGrandi-Hoffman, Bruce Eckholm, and Kirk E. AndersonSeasonal Microflora, Especially Winter and SpringAsli ÖzkirimEvaluation of Varroa Mite Tolerance in Honey BeesIngemar FriesStatus of Breeding Practices and Genetic Diversity in Domestic U.S. Honey BeesSusan W. Cobey, Walter S. Sheppard, and David R. TarpyGlobal Status of Honey Bee MitesDiana SammataroBiological Control of Honey Bee PestsW. G. Meikle, D. Sammataro, and G. MercadierMolecular Forensics for Honey Bee ColoniesJay D. Evans, Dawn Lopez, I. Barton Smith, Jeffery Pettis, and Yan Ping ChenHoney Bee Viruses and Their Effect on Bee and Colony HealthJoachim R. de Miranda, Laurent Gauthier, Magali Ribière, and Yan Ping ChenPCR for the Analysis of Nosema in Honey BeesBrenna E. Traver and Richard D. FellNosema ceranae Detection by Microscopy and Antibody TestsThomas C. Webster and Katherine AronsteinChalkbrood Re-ExaminedK. A. Aronstein and H. E. CabanillasCritical Transition Temperature (CTT) of Chalkbrood Fungi and Its Significance for Disease IncidenceJay A. Yoder, Derrick J. Heydinger, Brian Z. Hedges, Diana Sammataro, and Gloria DeGrandi-HoffmanSmall Hive Beetle (Aethina tumida) Contributions to Colony LossesJames D. EllisPesticides and Honey Bee Toxicity in the United StatesReed M. Johnson, Marion D. Ellis, Christopher A. Mullin, and Maryann Frazier (edited by Yves Le Conte)Cellular Response in Honey Bees to Non-Pathogenic Effects of PesticidesAleš Gregorc, Elaine C. M. Silva-Zacarin, and Roberta C. F. NocelliDifferences Among Fungicides Targeting the Beneficial Fungi Associated with Honey Bee ColoniesJay A. Yoder, Brian Z. Hedges, Derrick J. Heydinger, Diana Sammataro, and Gloria DeGrandi-HoffmanFungicides Reduce Symbiotic Fungi in Bee Bread and the Beneficial Fungi in ColoniesJay A. Yoder, Derrick J. Heydinger, Brian Z. Hedges, Diana Sammataro, Jennifer Finley, Gloria DeGrandi-Hoffman, Travis J. Croxall, and Brady S. ChristensenInteractions between Risk Factors in Honey BeesYves Le Conte, Jean-Luc Brunet, Cynthia McDonnell, Claudia Dussaubat, and Cédric AlauxUnderstanding the Impact of Honey Bee Disorders on Crop PollinationKeith S. DelaplaneCalculating and Reporting Managed Honey Bee Colony LossesDennis vanEngelsdorp, Robert Brodschneider, Yves Brostaux, Romee van der Zee, Lennard Pisa, Robyn Underwood, Eugene J. Lengerich, Angela Spleen, Peter Neumann, Selwyn Wilkins, Giles E. Budge, Stéphane Pietravalle, Fabrice Allier, Julien Vallon, Hannelie Human, Mustafa Muz, Yves Le Conte, Dewey Caron, Kathy Baylis, Eric Haubruge, Stephen Pernal, Andony Melathopoulos, Claude Saegerman, Jeffery S. Pettis, and Bach Kim Nguyen Conservation of Plant–Pollinator MutualismsDavid W. Inouye

Diana Sammataro, co-author of the Beekeeper’s Handbook, began keeping bees in 1972 in Litchfield, Connecticut, setting up a package colony in her maternal grandfather’s old bee hive equipment. From then on, she decided that her B.S. in Landscape Architecture (University of Michigan, Ann Arbor), would not be a career, but that honey bees would. After a year of independent studies on floral pollination (Michigan State University Bee Lab, East Lansing), she earned an M.S. in Urban Forestry (University of Michigan, Ann Arbor). In 1978 she joined the Peace Corps and taught beekeeping in the Philippines for 3 years. On returning, she worked at the USDA Bee Lab in Madison, Wisconsin, under Dr. Eric Erickson, studying the effects of plant breeding and flower attraction of bees in sunflower lines. When the lab closed, she eventually went to work at the A.I. Root Company as Bee Supply Sales Manager in Medina, Ohio. In 1991, she was accepted at the Rothenbuhler Honey Bee Lab at The Ohio State University, Columbus, to study for a Ph.D. under Drs. Brian Smith and Glen Needham. In 1995, she worked as a post-doctoral assistant at the Ohio State University Agricultural Research Center in Wooster, Ohio, with Dr. James Tew and in 1998 at the Penn State University Bee lab. Early in 2002, she was invited to join the USDA-ARS Carl Hayden Honey Bee Research Center in Tucson, Arizona. Her current position is as a Research Entomologist and her work includes research on bee nutrition problems, how they influence Varroa, and current pollination problems. Jay Yoder teaches courses in microbiology/immunology and general biology as professor of Biology at Wittenberg University.His research focuses on disease transmission by insects, ticks and mites of medical-veterinary importance, and biological control emphasizing pheromone-assisted techniques, entomopathogenic fungi, and water balance. This research has resulted in over 100 peer-reviewed publications in scientific journals with undergraduate students as co-authors. In addition, numerous of these undergraduate students have won research awards at regional and national scientific conferences. Jay holds a B.A. from the University of Evansville (Biology, Chemistry, French), a Ph.D. from The Ohio State University (Entomology; laboratory of Dr. David Denlinger) and conducted Post-doctoral work at Harvard University (laboratory of Dr. Andrew Spielman).