High Altitude Sickness – Solutions from Genomics, Proteomics and Antioxidant Interventions

This book reviews the recent advances in the development of proteomics-based biomarkers for the non-invasive diagnosis of altitude sickness and explores the potential of antioxidant therapy for this sickness.

The first chapters introduce the associated pathophysiology and provide mechanistic insights into the enhanced generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS), which leads to an increase in oxidative damage to lipids, proteins, and DNA.

The book then highlights the current problems relating to the diagnosis and treatment of altitude sickness and summarizes novel approaches for identifying potential biomarkers and therapeutics. Lastly, it explores the therapeutic efficacy of antioxidant agents.

Chapter 1_Hypoxia, Hypoxia accelmatization and Omics tools for assessment. -Chapter 1.1. General Description of various types of hypoxia. -Chapter 1.2.Hypobaric hypoxia in particular and physiological changes. -Chapter 1.3. Hypoxia acclemetization and its molecular framework. -Chapter 1.4. Classical tools of study. -Chapter 1.5.Omics as an emerging tool for revisiting hypoxia. -Chapter 2_High altitude sickness: Introduction.- Chapter 2.1. High altitudes and hypoxia as primary environmental stressor. -Chapter 2.2. Altered physiological response at high altitude. -Chapter 2.3. High allied sickness – milder effects. -Chapter. 2.4. Hypobaric hypoxia and brain, HACE and related cognitive disorders. -Chapter 2.5. Hypobaric hypoxia and Lungs, HAPE and related disorders. –Chapter 2.6. Hypobaric hypoxia and Muscles and related disorders. -Chapter 2.7. Hypobaric hypoxia and Cardiovascular system, Thrombosis, embolism and related disorders. -Chapter 2.8. Integration of various physiological changes and systemic indicators. -Chapter 3_Oxidative stress and proteomic alteration in high altitude. -Chapter 3.1. Mechanism of radical generation in high altitude – effect of oxidative stress. -Chapter 3.2. Oxidative stress during hypoxia. -Chapter 3.3. Mechanism of proteomic alterations in high altitude. -Chapter 3.4. Altered hemostasis in hypoxia.- Chapter 4_Current problems in diagnosis and treatment of high altitude sickness.- Chapter 4.1. Problem of detecting susceptibility. -Chapter 4.2. No available non-invasive technique. -Chapter 4.3. No effective medical intervention except decent. -Chapter 5_Proteomics as potential tool for biomarker discovery. -Chapter 5.1. How proteomics is useful? -Chapter 5.2. Common proteomics tools. -Chapter 5.3. Advanced/emerging proteomics techniques. -Chapter 6_Serum/Plasma proteomics for high altitude related biomarker discovery. -Chapter 6.1.Serum proteomics in animal models of hypoxia. -Chapter 6.2. Serum proteomics in human subjects of hypoxia. -Chapter 6.3. Potential /candidate biomarkers for diagnostic /therapeutic roles. -Chapter 7_Saliva  proteomics for non-invasive application. -Chapter 7.1.Importance of saliva as a potential sample. -Chapter 7.2. Less known biomarkers of saliva. -Chapter 7.3. Emerging trends. -Chapter 8_Genomics and Metabolomics insight into hypoxia marker identification. -Chapter 8.1. Genomic fingerprints of high altitude sickness and susceptibility. -Chapter 8.2.Polymorphisms as a potential tool for high altitude adaptation. -Chapter 8.3.Trends in Metabolomics as emerging tool. -Chapter 9_Antioxidant therapies for high altitude sickness. -Chapter 9.1. Conventional phytoextracts. -Chapter 9.2. Novel nanomedicine. -Chapter 9.3. Other antioxidants and metabolic regulators.

Dr. Narendra Kumar Sharma is working as Assistant Professor at the Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology of the Banasthali Vidyapith, India. He has earlier served as Assistant Professor in the Science Department at AKM, Kota University, India, Post-doctoral Fellow at Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), China and Post-doctoral Fellow at Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil. His research interest is in Genomics and Proteomics with specialization in hypoxia physiology, oxidative stress, post-translational modification, protein biochemistry, signaling pathway, protein-protein interaction, infectious disease, regenerative medicine, and genome editing. He has been conferred with the prestigious award Dr T S Vasundhara memorial best paper award, DRDO, India. He has served as a referee for a number of international journals. He has also published more than 20 research articles in peer-reviewed international journals and authored or co-authored books and book chapters. He has presented his research work at various international conferences held in India, Brazil, China, USA, and Germany. He is a member of many international scientific societies and organizations importantly, Indian Academy of Neuroscience (IAN), India and International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR), India

Dr. Aditya Arya is working as a scientist at the National Institute of Malaria Research, New Delhi, a flagship lab of the Indian Council of Malaria Research (ICMR). Previously he worked as a staff scientist at Pathfinder Research and Training Foundation, Gautam Budh Nagar, India. His research interest is in nanomedicine and redox biology. He has been trained at some of the most prestigious institutions such as Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, IBRO, EMBL and holds active membership in several research societies. He has published more than 20 research papers in peer-reviewed journals about redox biology, proteomics, and high altitude physiology. Besides this, he is also an academician and authored several book and book chapters like Concise Biochemistry, Understanding Enzymes, to name a few.