LAW, BUSINESS, AND COMMERCIALIZATIONAn Intellectual Property Primer for Nanomedical Researchers and EngineersBrian E. Reese, JD, PhD, MBA Strategic Intellectual Property Management: Building IP PortfoliosJeffery P. Langer, PhD, JD Extending Patent Term for Nanomedical Inventions: A Nexus between the FDA and the Patent SystemSusanne M. Hopkins, JD, and Ari G. Zytcer, JD When Patented Technologies Get Put to Experimental Use: Practical Considerations for Nanotech R&DVictor H. Polk, Jr, JD, and Roman Fayerberg, JD Bridging Diagnostics Research, Development and CommercializationRosanna W. Peeling, PhD What the Supreme Court’s Myriad Decision Means for Nanotechnology PatentsAndrew S. Baluch, JD, Stephen B. Maebius, JD, and Harold C. Wegner, JD Managing the Expense of Patent Litigation in Nanotechnology Todd G. Vare, JD Technology Transfer: An OverviewBruce D. Goldstein, JD, MS Licensing Issues in NanotechnologyJoanna T. Brougher, JD, MPhCommercializing Your Intellectual Property: Steps to Take and Pitfalls to AvoidInna Dahlin, PhD, JD, and Michael J. Pomianek, PhD, JDOvercoming Nanotechnology Commercialisation Challenges: Case Studies of Nanotechnology VenturesElicia Maine, PhDThe Commercialisation of Nanotechnology: The Five Critical Success Factors to a Nanotech-Enabled Whole ProductCraig Belcher, MBA, PhD, Richard Marshall, MBA, Grant Edwards, PhD, and Darren Martin, PhDOvercoming the Odds: How to Incubate Fledging Bioscience CompaniesPatti Breedlove, MSMarket Opportunity for Molecular Diagnostics in Personalized Cancer TherapyElemer Piros, PhD, Istvan Petak, MD, PhD, Attila Erdos, MD, John Hautman, JD, and Julianna Lisziewicz, PhNanotechnology Implications for Labor Noela Invernizzi, PhD, and Guillermo Foladori, PhDInsurance Market Perception of Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials RisksLijana Baublyte, PhD, Martin Mullins, PhD, Finbarr Murphy, PhD, and Syed A.M. Tofail, PhDREGULATORY ISSUES AND NANOGOVERNANCEFDA and Nano: Baby Steps, Regulatory Uncertainty and the Bumpy Road Ahead|Raj Bawa, MS, PhD EU Regulation of Nanobiotechnology John Quinn, LLM Regulating NanomedicineShannon G. Fischer, MS Nanomedicines: Addressing the Scientific and Regulatory GapSally Tinkle, PhD, Scott E. McNeil, PhD, Stefan Mühlebach, PhD, Raj Bawa, MS, PhD, Gerrit Borchard, PhD, Yechezkel Barenholz, PhD, Lawrence Tamarkin, PhD, and Neil Desai, MS, PhD Regulation of Combination Products in the United StatesJohn Barlow Weiner, JD, and Thinh X. Nguyen Regulation of Combination Products in the European UnionJanine Jamieson, PhD, and Elizabeth Baker Brief Overview of Current Developments in Nanotechnology EHS Regulation in the U.S.Theodore Voorhees, Jr., JD EPA Targets Nanotechnology: Hi-Ho, Nanosilver, Away?David L. Wallace, JD, and Justin A. Schenck, JD Graphene: Regulatory Considerations for the "Wonder Material"Matthew Kaplan, JD, and Jennifer Woloschyn, JD The Enduring Embrace: The Regulatory Ancien Régime and Governance of Nanomaterials in the U.S.Christopher Bosso, PhD HEALTH, SAFETY, RISK, AND BIOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS Safety of Engineered Nanomaterials and Occupational Health and Safety Issues for Commercial-Scale ProductionPaul F. A. Wright, PhD, and Neale R. C. Jackson, PhD Engineered Nanoparticle Release, Exposure Pathway and Dose, Measures and Measuring Techniques for Nanoparticle Exposure in AirHeinz Fißan, PhD, and Hans-Georg Horn, PhD Managing Environmental and Health Risks in the Nanotechnology IndustryJoseph Luke Huan, LLB (Hons), MPhil Risk Perception and Risk Communication on the Issue of NanotechnologyGaby-Fleur Böl, PhD, Guido Correia Carreira, PhD, Astrid Epp, PhD, Eva Häffner, PhD, and Mark Lohmann, PhD In vitro Risk Assessment of NanoparticlesBirgit K. Gaiser, Julia Susewind, Nadia Ucciferri, Eva-Maria Collnot, Arti Ahluwalia, and Vicki Stone Biological Responses to NanoparticlesReinhard Zellner, PhD, Julia Blechinger, PhD, Cristoph Bräuchle, PhD, I. Hilger, Andreas Janshoff, PhD, Juergen Lademann, PhD, Volker Mailänder, PhD, Martina C. Meinke, PhD, G. U. Nienhaus, PhD, A. Patzelt, MD, F. Rancan, Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser, PhD, Roland H. Stauber, PhD, A. A. Torrano, PhD, Lennart Treuel, PhD, and A. Vogt Cell and Protein Interactions with DiamondRoger J. Narayan, MD, PhD, R. D. Boehm, BS, and Nancy A. Monteiro-Riviere, PhD Intracellular Transport and Unpacking of Polyplex NanoparticlesAndrey A. Rosenkranz, PhD, Yuri V. Khramtsov, PhD, Alexey V. Ulasov, PhD, Nikita Rodichenko, and Alexander S. Sobolev, DSci, PhD Complement Activation: A Capricious Immune Barrier to the Clinical Use of NanomedicinesJános Szebeni, MD, PhD, DSc Nanotoxicology: Focus on NanomedicineHelinor Johnston, PhD, Ali Kermanizadeh, PhD, and Vicki Stone, PhD Toxicity and Genotoxicity of Metal and Metal Oxide Nanomaterials: A General IntroductionMercedes Rey, David Sanz, and Sergio E. Moya Toxicity of Silicon Dioxide Nanoparticles in Mammalian Neural CellsJames C. K. Lai, PhD, Ashvin R. Jaiswal, MS, Maria B. Lai, MS, Sirisha Jandhyam, MS, Solomon W. Leung, PhD, and Alok Bhushan, PhD FUTURE IMPLICATIONS, ETHICS, PERSPECTIVES, AND EDITORIALS Future Concepts in NanomedicineRob Burgess, PhD Is Translational Medicine the Future of Therapy?Christopher-Paul Milne, PhD, and James Mittra, PhD Nanomedical Cognitive Enhancement: Challenges and Future PossibilitiesMelanie Swan, MBA Nanomedicine: Ethical ConsiderationsTodd Kuiken, PhD Clinical Nanobioethical Problems: A Value ApproachJorge Alberto Álvarez-Díaz, MD, PhD Nanomedicine: Shadow and SubstanceZ. Shadi Farhangrazi, PhD, and S. Moein Moghimi, PhD The Tower of Babel: Miscommunication within and about NanomedicineRudolph L. Juliano, PhD Is Nanotechnology Toxic? Was Prince Charles Correct?Pelagie M. Favi, PhD, and Thomas J. Webster, PhD The Audience Is the Message: Nanomedicine as Apotheosis or Damnatio MemoriaeDavid M. Berube, PhD A Sample of Religious Thought on NanotechnologyChris Toumey, PhD Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Treatment of Anemia of Chronic Kidney Disease: Too Much of a Good Thing?Amy Barton Pai, PharmD Perspectives on Legal Challenges in the Development and Commercialization of NanotechnologyAnnette I. Kahler, JD Nanomedicine and the Fight against HIV/AIDS: Expert PerspectivesAndré Nel, MBChB, PhD, Susan Swindells, MD, Tatiana Bronich, PhD, and Howard E. Gendelman, MD Interdisciplinary Nanomedicine Publications through Interdisciplinary Peer-ReviewAndrew Owen, PhD, Steve P. Rannard, DPhil, Raj Bawa, MS, PhD, and Si-Shen Feng, PhD Nanopharmaceutics Innovations in Gene Therapy: Moving towards Non-Viral and Non-Invasive Delivery MethodsMarianna Foldvari, PhD, DPharmSci Recent Developments in Ocular Nanotherapy: An EditorialKislay Roy, PhD, and Jagat R. Kanwar, MSc, PhD The Promise of Nanoneuromedicine: An EditorialHoward E. Gendelman, MD, R. Lee Mosley, PhD, Michael D. Boska, PhD, and JoEllyn McMillan, PhD Principles of Nanoethics: Theoretical Models and Clinical PracticeMario Ganau, MD, PhD, Lara Prisco, MD, Nikolaos Syrmos, MD, and Laura Ganau The Tree and the Forest: A Need for Dialogue and a Collaborative Approach in the Safety of Nanomedicines Collaborative Approach in the Safety of NanomedicinesHassan A. N. El-Fawal, MSc, PhD The Translational Challenge in Medicine at the NanoscaleRaj Bawa, MS, PhD, S. R. Bawa, MSc, PhD, and Ratnesh N. Mehra, DO Nanotechnology toward Advancing Personalized MedicineJason H. Sakamoto, PhD, Biana Godin, PhD, Ye Hu, PhD, Elvin Blanco, PhD, Anne L. van de Ven, PhD, Adaikkalam Vellaichamy, PhD, Matthew B. Murphy, PhD, Saverio La Francesca, MD, Terry Schuenemeyer, RN, MS, Bruce Given, MD, Anne Meyn, and Mauro Ferrari, PhD Science, Business, and Impact of Nanomedicine: Final ThoughtsMichael Hehenberger, PhD, DrSc