Geotechnical Engineering Principles and Practices of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering

A must have reference for any engineer involved with foundations, piers, and retaining walls, this remarkably comprehensive volume illustrates soil characteristic concepts with examples that detail a wealth of practical considerations, It covers the latest developments in the design of drilled pier foundations and mechanically stabilized earth retaining wall and explores a pioneering approach for predicting the nonlinear behavior of laterally loaded long vertical and batter piles. As complete and authoritative as any volume on the subject, it discusses soil formation, index properties, and classification; soil permeability, seepage, and the effect of water on stress conditions; stresses due to surface loads; soil compressibility and consolidation; and shear strength characteristics of soils. While this book is a valuable teaching text for advanced students, it is one that the practicing engineer will continually be taking off the shelf long after school lets out. Just the quick reference it affords to a huge range of tests and the appendices filled with essential data, makes it an essential addition to an civil engineering library.

Introduction General Remarks A Brief Historical Development Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering Soil Formation and Characterization Introduction Rock Classification Formation of Soils General Types of Soils Soil Particle Size and Shape Composition of Clay Minerals Structure of Clay Minerals Clay Particle–Water Relations Soil Mass Structure Soil Phase Relationships, Index Properties and Classification Soil Phase Relationships Mass–Volume Relationships Weight–Volume Relationships Comments on Soil Phase Relationships Index Properties of Soils The Shape and Size of Particles Sieve Analysis The Hydrometer Method of Analysis Grain Size Distribution Curves Relative Density of Cohesionless Soils Consistency of Clay Soils Determination of Atterberg Limits Discussion on Limits and Indices Plasticity Chart General Considerations for Classification of Soils Field Identification of Soils Classification of Soils Textural Soil Classification AASHTO Soil Classification System Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) Comments on the Systems of Soil Classification Problems Soil Permeability and Seepage Soil Permeability Darcy’s Law Discharge and Seepage Velocities Methods of Determination of Hydraulic Conductivity of Soils Constant Head Permeability Test Falling Head Permeability Test Direct Determination of k of Soils in Place by Pumping Test Borehole Permeability Tests Approximate Values of the Hydraulic Conductivity of Soils Hydraulic Conductivity on Stratified Layers of Soils Empirical Correlations for Hydraulic Conductivity Hydraulic Conductivity of Rocks by Packer Method Seepage Laplace Equation Flow Net Construction Determination of Quantity of Seepage Determination of Seepage Pressure Determination of Uplift Pressure Seepage Flow Through Homogeneous Earth Dams Flow Net Consisting of Conjugate Confocal Parabolas Piping Failure Problems Effective Stress and Pore Water Pressure Introduction Stresses When No Flow Takes Place Through the Saturated Soil Mass Stresses When Flow Takes Place Through the Soil from Top to Bottom Stresses When Flow Takes Place Through the Soil from Bottom to Top Effective Pressure Due to Capillary Water Rise in Soil Problems Stress Distribution in Soils Due to Surface Loads Introduction Boussinesq’s Formula for Point Loads Westergaard’s Formula for Point Loads Line Loads Strip Loads Stresses Beneath the Corner of a Rectangular Foundation Stresses Under Uniformly Loaded Circular Footing Vertical Stress Beneath Loaded Areas of Irregular Shape Embankment Loadings Approximate Methods for Computing σz Pressure Isobars Problems Compressibility and Consolidation Introduction Consolidation Consolidometer The Standard One-Dimensional Consolidation Test Pressure-Void Ratio Curves Determination of Preconsolidation Pressure e-log p Field Curves for Normally Consolidated and Overconsolidated Clays of Low to Medium Sensitivity Computation of Consolidation Settlement Settlement Due to Secondary Compression Rate of One-Dimensional Consolidation Theory of Terzaghi Determination of the Coefficient of Consolidation Rate of Settlement Due to Consolidation Two- and Three-Dimensional Consolidation Problems Problems Shear Strength of Soil Introduction Basic Concept of Shearing Resistance and Shearing Strength The Coulomb Equation Methods of Determining Shear Strength Parameters Shear Test Apparatus Stress Condition at a Point in a Soil Mass Stress Conditions in Soil During Triaxial Compression Test Relationship Between the Principal Stresses and Cohesion c Mohr Circle of Stress Mohr Circle of Stress When a Prismatic Element is Subjected to Normal and Shear Stresses Mohr Circle of Stress for a Cylindrical Specimen Compression Test Mohr-Coulomb Failure Theory Mohr Diagram for Triaxial Compression Test at Failure Mohr Diagram for a Direct Shear Test at Failure Effective Stresses Shear Strength Equation in Terms of Effective Principal Stresses Stress-Controlled and Strain-Controlled Tests Types of Laboratory Tests Shearing Strength Tests on Sand Unconsolidated-Undrained Test Unconfined Compression Tests Consolidated-Undrained Test on Saturated Clay Consolidated-Drained Shear Strength Test Pore Pressure Parameters Under Undrained Loading Vane Shear Tests Other Methods for Determining Undrained Shear Strength of Cohesive Soils The Relationship Between Undrained Shear Strength and Effective Overburden Pressure General Comments  Questions and Problems Soil Exploration Introduction Boring of Holes Sampling in Soil Rock Core Sampling Standard Penetration Test SPT Values Related to Relative Density of Cohesionless Soils SPT Values Related to Consistency of Clay Soil Static Cone Penetration Test (CPT) Pressuremeter The Flat Dilatometer Test Field Vane Shear Test (VST) Field Plate Load Test (PLT) Geophysical Exploration Planning of Soil Exploration Execution of Soil Exploration Program Report Problems Stability of Slopes Introduction General Considerations and Assumptions in the Analysis Factor of Safety Stability Analysis of Infinite Slopes in Sand Stability Analysis of Infinite Slopes in Clay Methods of Stability Analysis of Slopes of Finite Height Plane Surface of Failure Circular Surface of Failure Failure Under Undrained Conditions (φu­ = 0) Friction-Circle Method Taylor’s Stability Number Tension Cracks Stability Analysis by Method of Slices for Steady Seepage Bishop’s Simplified Method of Slices Bishop and Morgenstern Method for Slope Analysis Morgenstern Method of Analysis for Rapid Drawdown Condition Spencer Method of Analysis Problems Lateral Earth Pressure Introduction Lateral Earth Pressure Theory Lateral Earth Pressure for at Rest Condition Rankine’s States of Plastic Equilibrium for Cohesionless Soils Rankine’s Earth Pressure Against Smooth Vertical Wall with Cohesionless Backfill Rankine’s Active Earth Pressure with Cohesive Backfill Rankine’s Passive Earth Pressure with Cohesive Backfill Coulomb’s Earth Pressure Theory for Sand for Active State Coulomb’s Earth Pressure Theory for Sand For Passive State Active Pressure by Culmann’s Method for Cohesionless Soils Lateral Pressures by Theory of Elasticity for Surcharge Loads on the Surface of Backfill Curved Surfaces of Failure for Computing Passive Earth Pressure Coefficients of Passive Earth Pressure Tables and Graphs Lateral Earth Pressure on Retaining Walls During Earthquakes Problems Shallow Foundation I: Ultimate Bearing Capacity Introduction The Ultimate Bearing Capacity of Soil Some of the Terms Defined Types of Failure in Soil An Overview of Bearing Capacity Theories Tarzaghi’s Bearing Capacity Theory Skempton’s Bearing Capacity Factor Nc Effect of Water Table on Bearing Capacity The General Bearing Capacity Equation Effect of Soil Compressibility on Bearing Capacity of Soil Bearing Capacity of Foundations Subjected to Eccentric Loads Ultimate Bearing Capacity of Footings Based on SPT Values (N) The CPT Method of Determining Ultimate Bearing Capacity Ultimate Bearing Capacity of Footings Resting on Stratified Deposits of Soil Bearing Capacity of Foundations on Top of a Slope Foundations on Rock Case History of Failure of the Transcona Grain Elevator Problems Shallow Foundation II: Safe Bearing Pressure and Settlement Calculation Introduction Field Plate Load Tests Effect of Size of Footings on Settlement Design Charts from SPT Values for Footings on Sand Empirical Equations Based on SPT Values for Footings on Cohesionless Soils Safe Bearing Pressure from Empirical Equations Based on CPT Values for Footings on Cohesionless Soil Foundation Settlement Evaluation of Modulus of Elasticity Methods of Computing Settlements Elastic Settlement Beneath the Corner of a Uniformly Loaded Flexible Area Based on the Theory of Elasticity Janbu, Bjerrum and Kjaernli’s Method of Determining Elastic Settlement Under Undrained Conditions Schmertmann’s Method of Calculating Settlement in Granular Soils by Using CPT Values Estimation of Consolidation Settlement by Using Oedometer Test Data Skempton–Bjerrum