Geotechnical and Geophysical Site Characterization 4 Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Site Characterization Isc-4, Porto De Galinhas - Pernambuco, Brasil, 17-21 September 2012

Site characterization is a fundamental step towards the proper design, construction and long term performance of all types of geotechnical projects, ranging from foundation, excavation, earth dams, embankments, seismic hazards, environmental issues, tunnels, near and offshore structures. The Fourth International Conference on Site Characterization (ISC’4) was held in Porto de Galinhas, Pernambuco,Brazil, from 18 to 21 September 2012, under the responsibility of TC-102/TC-16 on In-Situ Testing of the International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (ISSMGE), the Brazilian Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (ABMS), and the Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil (UFPE). Financial support of ISC4 was provided by the Brazilian National Science and Education Councils (CNPq, CAPES and FACEPE), sponsors and exhibitors and other organizations and companies. The fourth conference followed the successful series of international conferences held in Atlanta (ISC-1, 1998), Porto (ISC-2, 2004), and Taipei (ISC-3, 2008). ISC’4 congregated several researchers, geotechnical engineers, and practitioners from all over the world involved with the conference general themes, namely practical application of novel and innovative technologies in geotechnical and geophysical engineering, along with their interpretation and utilization for the purposes of site characterization. The two volumes making up Geotechnical and Geophysical Site Characterization 4 contain 8 keynote Lectures prepared by experts in the field, including the 5th James K. Mitchell Lecture presented by Dr. Peter K. Robertson, and 4 Workshop Lectures and 217 technical papers from 40 different countries. The books are divided into 11 general themes: 1. Direct-push and Borehole-type in-situ test; 2. Development of new equipment and methods; 3. New approaches for interpreting data; 4. Applications to shallow and deep foundations; 5. Special uses of in-situ tests; 6. Site investigation for infrastructure projects; 7. Geophysical; 8. Seismic ground hazards; 9. Investigation in very soft to extremely soft soils; 10. Non-textbook type geomaterials; 11. Environmental geotechnics. Geotechnical and Geophysical Site Characterization 4 will be much of interest to academics, engineers and professionals involved in Geotechnical Engineering.

Introduction VOLUME 1 Keynote lectures The James K. Mitchell Lecture: Interpretation of in-situ tests—some insights P.K. Robertson Variable penetration rate cone testing for characterization of intermediate soils J.T. DeJong, R.A. Jaeger, R.W. Boulanger, M.F. Randolph & D.A.J. Wahl Combined use of geophysical methods in site characterization S. Foti Relating foundation capacity in sands to CPT qc B.M. Lehane Site characterization in nearshore and offshore geotechnical projects J. Peuchen Beyond coefficient of variation for statistical characterization of geotechnical parameters K.K. Phoon & J. Ching The mechanics of cone penetration: Contributions from experimental and theoretical studies R. Salgado Workshop lectures Aspects on soil investigation for embankments on soft soil D.A. Kort The detection of hidden shear zones in clay: A relevant issue in landslide hazard assessment L. Picarelli, L. Comegna, P. Tommasi & G. Urciuoli Application of in situ testing in tailing dams, emphasis on liquefaction: Case-history A.V. da Fonseca Session report & papers technical session1 Direct-push in-situ test – Theme 1 – Technical Session 1 In situ evaluation of relative density from piezocone penetration tests of clean sand from China G.-J. Cai, S.-Y. Liu, Y. Cheng, Hai-feng Zou, G.-Y. Du, Bei-bei Ren & A.J. Puppala Cyclic sleeve friction test for the design of piles under cyclic loading P. Reiffsteck, A. Puech, S. Po, F. Pilnière & J. Gaschet Centrifuge modelling of CPT in layered soils P.Q. Mo, A.M. Marshall & H.-S. Yu Interpretation of consolidation parameters from CPTU results in sensitive clays A. Bihs, S. Nordal, N. Boylan & M. Long Using CPT for management of filling work H. Tanaka, T. Oka & T. Sakaiya Use of CPTU and SDMT to characterise silty soil R. Carroll, M. Long & D. Ward SPT hammer motion and its effect on impact energy C. Lee, S. An, W. Woo & W. Lee Discrete element modelling of cone penetration tests in granular materials O. Falagush, G. McDowell & H.-S. Yu Piezocone sleeve friction setup in low plasticity clays of Green Bay, Wisconsin, USA J.N. Hotstream & J.A. Schneider Application of piezocone tests in the determination of non-hydrostatic distribution of water pressure in mine tailings profiles W. Tschuschke, M. Kroll & M. Walczak Impact of effective area ratio assumption on PCPT-based soil classification Y. Hatipkarasulu & M.T. Tümay Stress history of Venice Lagoon sands from DMT and CPTU P. Monaco, S. Amoroso, D. Marchetti, G. Totani, S. Cola & P. Simonini CPTU and DMT for estimating soil unit weight of Lake Bonneville clay A.T. Ozer, S.F. Bartlett & E.C. Lawton 2 Direct-push in-situ test – T1 – TS4 Session report: Direct push-in in situ test Z. Mlynarek A comparative study of soil-rock total sounding and CPTu in glacial deposits G. Nilsson & H. Löfroth Measurements of energy and dynamic force using instrumented SPT in a soil profile and wave propagation analysis V.H. Restrepo, J.A. Rodríguez & E.P. Nicolas CPTs executed in difficult conditions using CPTWD (Cone Penetration Test While Drilling) and its future developments M. Sacchetto & A. Trevisan The seismic SPT to determine the maximum shear modulus R.A.A. Pedrini & H.L. Giacheti In-situ evaluation of compressibility for normally consolidated clays using PCPT J.S. Lee, D. Park & D. Kyung Comparison of predicted embankment settlement from piezocone penetration test with field measurement and laboratory estimated M. Abu-Farsakh & X. Yu Evaluation of deep sand unit weight estimated from CPT V.K. Singh & S.G. Chung Behavior of the Standard Penetration Test (SPT) in sandy deposits N.T. Dung & S.G. Chung Experiences in the use of DMT—SDMT in Costa Rica, Central America L.A. Vargas & M. Coto-Loría Secondary compression of Venice Lagoon sands and silts from CPTU S. Bersan, S. Cola, P. Simonini, G. Gottardi & L. Tonni Energy ratio of SPT practice performed in Thailand S. Yimsiri Measuring energy in dynamic probing S.J. Ibáñez, C. Sagaseta & V. López Piezocone testing for use in the classification of soil behavior and flow characteristics: An experience carried out in Suape, Pernambuco M.I.M.C.V. Bello & R.Q. Coutinho Site characterisation by in situ and laboratory tests of the sea bed in the Genova Harbour, Italy A. Cavallaro, S. Grasso, M. Maugeri & E. Motta 3 Geotechnical profiling and measurement of soil stiffness – T1 – TS7 Session report: Geotechnical profiling and “in situ” measurement of soil stiffness M. Arroyo Experimental study of drilling parameters using a test embankment G. Laudanski, P. Reiffsteck, J.-L. Tacita, G. Desanneaux & J. Benoît Determination of soil stiffness parameters using in-situ seismic methods-insight in repeatability and methodological aspects T. Godlewski & T. Szczepanski Determining G-? decay curves in sand from a Seismic Dilatometer Test (SDMT) S. Amoroso, B.M. Lehane & M. Fahey Two in one: Parallel seismic for foundation length determination and downhole seismic for soil properties using a single borehole E. Niederleithinger Geotechnical and geophysical characterization of a pile test site in post-glacial soil E. Niederleithinger, M. Baessler, M. Herten, M. Rumpf & J. Tronicke Building a robust geological model to support geotechnical analysis M.A. Tutton, R. David, G.E. Meyer, P.M. Rao & C.A. Waterton Determination of hydraulic conductivity from piezocone tests Q. Wang, L. Tong, S. Liu & Q. Wang Site characterization by Seismic Dilatometer (SDMT) in the area of L’Aquila following the April 6, 2009 earthquake S. Amoroso, P. Monaco, F. Totani, G. Totani & D. Marchetti Use of the Seismic Dilatometer (SDMT) to estimate in situ G-? decay curves in various soil types S. Amoroso, P. Monaco & D. Marchetti Characterization of soft glacial soils: A tricky business W. Steiner In situ characterization of the Saint-Jude landslide, Quebec, Canada A. Locat, S. Leroueil, P. Locat, D. Demers, D. Robitaille & G. Lefebvre The ability of in situ tests to detect the soil region affected by an embankment on soft clay G.M.F. Jannuzzi, F.A.B. Danziger, I.S.M. Martins & G.V.M. Guimarães Continuous SCPT signal enhancement by identifying, quantifying and extracting frequency anomalies within statistically describable background noise E. Baziw & G. Verbeek Wireless in geotechnical engineering: A CPTUwl prototype J.B. Martins, A.G. Correia, A. Teixeira & P.M. Mendes 4 Development of new equipment and methods – T2 – TS3 Session report: Development of new equipment and methods J.A. Howie Profiling hydraulic conductivity in situ A.C. Larrabee, J. Benoît & P. Reiffsteck A feasibility study of Standard Penetration Test with Torque measurement (SPT-T) in Iran A. Heydarzadeh, A. Fakher & M. Moradi A push-in earth pressure cell for estimating soil properties A.J. Lutenegger The design, development and application of a new DMT R. Colcott & B.M. Lehane Effects of time dependency on earth pressure measurements taken by inclinodeformometer M.V. Schwager, P.W. Oberender & A.M. Puzrin Detection of ground movements using soil-embedded distributed fiber optic sensors D. Hauswirth, M. Iten & A.M. Puzrin High yield electrical prospection for characterization of soil O. Guerrero, J.F. Lataste & A. Marache Piezoball testing in soft lake sediments C. Colreavy, C.D. O’Loughlin & D. Ward The Geomechameter, an in-situ apparatus adapted to the suffusion measurement J. Monnet Determination of axial resistance of deep foundations using torque penetrometer test N.W. Wainaina, D.G. Li, M.A. Wang, N.R. Boyette & G.C. Bodenheimer Development and application of cone resistivity penetrometer H.K. Yoon, Y.M. Kim, Y.H. Byun & J.S. Lee A new coring method: Controlled penetration speed M. Magagnoli Cyclic multi-piezo-friction sleeve penetrometer testing for liquefaction assessment J.D. Frost, A. Martínez & G.L. Hebeler An