From Action Systems to Distributed Systems The Refinement Approach

Formal methods traditionally address the question of transforming software engineering into a mature engineering discipline. This essentially refers to trusting that the software-intensive systems that form our society’s infrastructures are behaving according to their specifications. More recently, formal methods are also used to understand properties and evolution laws of existing complex and adaptive systems—man-made such as smart electrical grids or natural ones such as biological networks.A tribute to Professor Kaisa Sere’s contributions to the field of computer science, From Action Systems to Distributed Systems: The Refinement Approach is the first book to address the impact of refinement through a multitude of formal methods ranging from Action Systems to numerous related approaches in computer science research. It presents a state-of-the-art review on the themes of distributed systems and refinement. A fundamental part of Kaisa Sere’s research consisted of developing Action Systems, a formalism for modeling, analysing, and constructing distributed systems. Within the design of distributed systems, Kaisa Sere’s main research focus was on refinement-based approaches to the construction of systems ranging from pure software to hardware and digital circuits.Presenting scientific contributions from renowned researchers around the world, this edited book consists of five sections: Modeling, Analysis, Proof, Refinement, and Applications. Each chapter has been thoroughly reviewed by experts in the field. The book covers both traditional aspects in formal methods research, as well as current and innovative research directions. It describes the transition from the strong theory of refinement to a methodology that can be applied in practice, with tool support.Examining industrial applications of the methods discussed, this book is a suitable resource for graduate students, researchers, and practitioners interested in using formal methods to develop distributed systems of quality.

I: MODELINGModelling Sources for Uncertainty in Environmental MonitoringMauno RönkköIntroductionHybrid Action SystemsEnvironmental MonitoringCase Study: Monitoring Room TemperatureConclusionMandatory and Potential Choice: Comparing Event-B and STAIRS Atle Refsdal, Ragnhild Kobro Runde, and Ketil StølenIntroduction Kinds of ChoiceComparing Event-B and STAIRS at the Syntactic Level Interaction-Obligations versus Failure-DivergencesConclusionModelling and Refining Hybrid Systems in Event-B and Rodin Michael Butler, Jean-Raymond Abrial, and Richard BanachIntroductionReals and Continuous FunctionsModelling a Continuous Control GoalDistinguishing ModesModelling the Control StrategyMerging Big and Small Step VariablesDerivativesConcludingII:ANALYSISModelling and Analysis of Component Faults and Reliability Thibaut Le Guilly, Petur Olsen, Anders P. Ravn, and Arne SkouIntroductionA Development and Analysis ProcessExampleDiscussion, Conclusion, Related and Further WorkVerifiable Programming of Object-Oriented and Distributed SystemsOlaf OweIntroductionBasic Programming ConstructsClass InvariantsInheritanceLocal ReasoningDiscussion of Future-Related MechanismsConclusionA Contract-Based Approach to Ensuring Component Interoperability in Event-BLinas Laibinis and Elena TroubitsynaIntroductionBackground: Event-BFrom Event-B Modelling to ContractsExample: an Auction SystemConclusions III: PROOF Meeting Deadlines, Elastically Einar Broch Johnsen, Ka I Pun, Martin Steffen, S. Lizeth Tapia Tarifa, and Ingrid Chieh YuIntroductionService Contracts as InterfacesA Kernel Language for Virtualized ComputingExample: A Photo Printing ShopProof SystemRelated WorkDiscussionEvent-B and Linear Temporal Logic Steve Schneider, Helen Treharne, and David M. WilliamsIntroductionEvent-BLTL NotationPreserving LTL Properties in Event-B Refinement ChainsDiscussion and Related WorkConclusion A Provably Correct Resilience Mediator Pattern Mats Neovius, Mauno Rönkkö, and Marina WaldénIntroductionProvably Correct Stepwise Development with Action SystemsResilience MediatorFormal Development of the Resilience Mediator PatternDiscussion and ConclusionIV:REFINEMENT Relational Concurrent Refinement - Partial and Total Frameworks John Derrick and Eerke BoitenIntroductionModels of Refinement Using a Partial Framework to Embed Concurrent Refinement RelationsA Total Relational FrameworkA General Framework for Simulations - Process Data TypesConclusionsRefinement of Behavioural Models for Variability Description Alessandro Fantechi and Stefania GnesiIntroductionRunning Example and BackgroundBehavioural Models and VariabilityA Comparison on the Expressiveness11.5 Conclusions Acknowledgments Integrating Refinement-Based Methods for Developing Timed Systems Jüri Vain, Leonidas Tsiopoulos, and Pontus BoströmIntroductionRelated Work PreliminariesMapping from Event-B Models to UPTAIEEE 1394 Case StudyRefinement of Timed SystemsConclusion and Future WorkV:APPLICATIONS Action Systems for Pharmacokinetic Modeling M.M. Bonsangue, M. Helvensteijn, J.N. Kok, and N. KokashIntroductionActions and Action SystemsPharmacokinetic ModelingConclusions and Future WorkQuantitative Model Refinement in Four Different Frameworks Diana-Elena Gratie, Bogdan Iancu, Sepinoud Azimi, and Ion PetreIntroductionQuantitative Model RefinementCase Study: the Heat Shock Response (HSR)Quantitative Refinement for ODE ModelsQuantitative Refinement for Rule-Based ModelsQuantitative Refinement for Petri Net ModelsQuantitative Refinement for PRISM ModelsDiscussionDeveloping and Verifying User Interface Requirements for Infusion Pumps: A Refinement ApproachRimvydas Rukš?enas, Paolo Masci, and Paul CurzonIntroductionSample User Interface Requirements from FDABackgroundThe Requirement HierarchiesVerification of Concrete InterfacesConclusionsSelf-Assembling Interactive Modules: A Research Programme Gheorghe StefanescuTiling - a Brief IntroductionTwo-Dimensional Languages: Local vs. Global Glueing ConstraintsStructural Characterisation for Self-Assembling TilesInteractive ProgramsConclusionsBibliography

Luigia Petre, Emil Sekerinski