Fluoride in Drinking Water Status, Issues, and Solutions

Explore the Health Effects of Fluoride Pollution Fluoride in Drinking Water: Status, Issues, and Solutions establishes the negative impacts of naturally occurring fluoride on human health and considers the depth and scope of fluoride pollution on an international scale. The book discusses current global water quality and fluoride-related issues and draws overall awareness to the problems associated with fluoride in drinking water. Utilizing recent scientific studies to examine the current status of fluoride pollution, it provides a fundamental understanding of fluorosis, describes health problems associated with fluorosis, and discusses viable scientific solutions. The book places special emphasis on India, Africa, China, and other countries deeply affected by fluoride pollution. A single, comprehensive source covering health issues related to fluoride and its effect on humans, this book: Compiles information from scientific literature on the state of fluoride pollution Characterizes the human impacts of fluorosis Provides a comparative evaluation of technologies used for defluoridation Gives a comprehensive account of human health effects with appropriate scientific descriptions and photographs Includes detailed descriptions on the geochemistry of fluoride entry into groundwater aquifers Presents a case study that deals with the successful removal of fluoride from drinking water A vital resource for environmental and public health officials as well as academic researchers in the area, Fluoride in Drinking Water: Status, Issues, and Solutions covers human health issues associated with fluoride-rich water and describes relevant techniques for defluoridation that can be used to overcome the stress, issues, and challenges of natural fluoride in drinking water.

Fluoride in Drinking Water: A Global PerspectiveIntroductionDrinking-Water ScenarioGeogenic PollutantsFluoride in HumansGenesis of Fluoride in GroundwaterSummaryReferencesScenario of Fluoride PollutionIntroductionGlobal ScenarioSummaryReferencesDental FluorosisIntroductionDental Effects of FluorideDental Fluorosis: History and OccurrenceDevelopment of Dental FluorosisSummaryReferencesSkeletal FluorosisIntroductionAction of Fluoride on BoneFluoride Exposure Level and Skeletal FractureSkeletal FluorosisFluoride Level and Effects Related to Skeletal FluorosisSignificance of Other FactorsRecent DevelopmentsSummaryReferencesStress Effects of Fluoride on HumansIntroductionNonskeletal FluorosisFluoride and CancerFluoride and Gastrointestinal SystemOther Health EffectsSummaryReferencesFluoride in the Environment and Its Toxicological EffectsIntroductionSources of Environmental ExposureEnvironmental Transport, Distribution, and TransformationEnvironmental Levels and Human ExposureEffects of Fluoride on Laboratory Animals and in vitro SystemsEffect of Fluoride on Aquatic OrganismsEffect of Fluoride on PlantsEffect of Fluoride on AnimalsGuidelines Values and StandardsSummaryReferencesDefluoridation Techniques: An OverviewIntroductionCoagulationCo-precipitation of FluorideAdsorptionElectrochemical MethodsMembrane ProcessesDefluoridation Techniques: A SummarySummaryReferencesAdsorptive Removal of Fluoride: A Case StudyIntroductionMaterials and MethodsBatch StudiesTheoretical and Mathematical FormulationsResults and DiscussionsSummary of the Case StudyConclusions of the Case StudyReferences

A. K. Gupta earned a PhD in environmental science and engineering at the Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India. Currently, he is a professor in the environmental engineering division of the civil engineering department at the Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India, and he is actively involved in teaching, research, and consultancy. His research interests include water treatment, environmental impact assessment, monitoring, and modeling of air and water pollution, and geogenic pollutant scavenging. He has more than 60 publications in top-ranking international journals and is a renowned technical consultant in the arena of environmental engineering. S. Ayoob is a professor in the department of civil engineering and the principal of the TKM College of Engineering, Kerala, India. He graduated in civil engineering from the TKM College of Engineering, Kollam, India, and earned his master’s and doctoral degrees at the Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India. He also served as course leader and headed the department of health, safety, and environmental management at the International College of Engineering and Management, the Sultanate of Oman (affiliated with the University of Central Lancashire, UK) for a short period of time.