Chapter 1: Summary, Decentralization: An Introduction, The Indian Context: The Struggle to Decentralize to Panchayats, The Intergovernmental Fiscal System: The Cases of Karnataka and Kerala, The Decentralization Agenda: Principles, Policy; Chapter II: Fiscal Decentralization in Karnataka, Introduction: The Study Framework, Policies and Institutions in Karnataka: A Historical Background, Analysing Panchayat Expenditures and Revenues, Enhancing Fiscal Decentralization: Conclusions and Recommendations, Appendices; Chapter III: Fiscal Decentralization in Kerala, Introduction: The Study Framework, Fiscal Decentralization in Kerala: An Overview, Analyzing Panchayat Expenditure and Revenue, The Accountability Mechanism, Appendices; Bibliography