Entrepreneurship in China

China has grown to become the world’s second largest economy in merely three decades and entrepreneurship has been identified as a key driver of China’s fast growth. Since the mid-2000s, the country has transitioned from a predominance of necessity-based entrepreneurship to that of an opportunity-based entrepreneurship. The China Surveys of Global Entrepreneurship Monitor in the last fifteen years consistently indicate the country’s high rate of entrepreneurship. Furthermore, more Chinese entrepreneurs have started setting their sights on business internationalisation. Against this backdrop of a thriving entrepreneurial economy, institutions and business environment are, however, not often viewed as "friendly" to private entrepreneurs and businesses. The "re-emergence" of entrepreneurship suggests a history of struggle to overcome opposition and obstruction, to survive and grow, including "rule ambiguities", rent-seeking, subsidies, and institutional constraints, such as industrial barriers, difficulties in getting access to critical resources, and weak property rights. China has also been experiencing economic slowdown, increase in inequality and worsening environmental problems since the turn of the century, clearly indicating that the rapid development of entrepreneurship in China presents a lot of puzzling questions. Entrepreneurship in China attempts to deal with these unanswered queries as well as provide an insightful and updated understanding of entrepreneurship development in China. The chapters in this book were originally published as a special issue of the journal, Entrepreneurship & Regional Development.

1. Contextualization of Chinese entrepreneurship research: an overview and some future research directions Qihai Huang, Xueyuan Liu and Jun Li 2. Entrepreneurial ecosystems: what we know and where we move as we build an understanding of China Juanyi Chen, Li Cai, Garry D. Bruton and Naiheng Sheng 3. The impact of sub-national institutions on SMEs’ diversification into new businesses: evidence from China Dong Chen, Donghong Li and Yongsun Paik 4. Hear it straight from the horse’s mouth: recognizing policy-induced opportunities Weiqi Dai, Felix Arndt and Mingqing Liao 5. Should I stay or should I go? Job demands’ push and entrepreneurial resources’ pull in Chinese migrant workers’ return-home entrepreneurial intention Jinyun Duan, Juelin Yin, Yue Xu and Daoyou Wu 6. International networking and knowledge acquisition of Chinese SMEs: the role of global mind-set and international entrepreneurial orientation Zhibin Lin, Xuebing Cao and Ed Cottam

Qihai Huang is Professor in Entrepreneurship and Management and Head of Department of Management at theUniversity of Huddersfield, UK. He received his first degree in Sociology from Peking University, China,and both MSc and PhD from the University of Bristol, UK. He has been Director of Research at Keele Business School and Head of Department of Entrepreneurship and Strategy atLancaster University Management School. Xueyuan Liu is Professor in Management and had been the Assistant Dean at the Economics and Management School of Wuhan University, China. He received his first degree in English from Nankai University, China, and both MBA and PhD from the University of Salford, UK. He had been a visiting scholar at Columbia University Business School and Fisher College of Business of Ohio State University, and isthe founding president of Association of Supply Chain and Operations Management (ASCOM). Prior to his academic career, he had been a professional manager and a founder of a start-up in international business for over 12 years. Jun Li is Senior Lecturer in Entrepreneurship and Innovation at Essex Business School, University of Essex, UK. He previously held post at Chinese Academy of Sciences and was the President of Chinese Economic Association (UK/Europe) in 2012–2013. He currently serves as Editor-in-Chief of Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies.