Enhancing Early Attachments Theory, Research, Intervention and Policy

Synthesizing the latest theory, research, and practices related to supporting early attachments, this volume provides a unique window into the major treatment and prevention approaches available today. Chapters address the theoretical and empirical bases of attachment interventions; explore the effects of attachment-related trauma and how they can be ameliorated; and describe a range of exemplary programs operating at the individual, family, and community levels. Throughout, the authors consider cross-cutting issues such as the core components of effective services and appropriate outcome measures for attachment interventions. Also discussed are policy implications, including how programs to enhance early child-caregiver relationships fit into broader health, social service, and early education systems.

I. Theoretical and Research Bases for Interventions to Enhance Early Attachments1. Interventions to Enhance Early Attachments: The State of the Field Today, Lisa J. Berlin2. Examination of the Precursors of Infant Attachment Security: Implications for Early Intervention and Intervention Research, Jude Cassidy, Susan S. Woodhouse, Glen Cooper, Kent Hoffman, Bert Powell, and Mindy Rodenberg3. Attachment-Based Intervention Programs: Implications for Attachment Theory and Research, Yair Ziv4. The Developmental Neurobiology of Disrupted Attachment: Lessons from Animal Models and Child Abuse Research, Frank W. Putnam5. Reciprocal Influences of Attachment and Trauma: Using a Dual Lens in the Assessment and Treatment of Infants, Toddlers, and Preschoolers, Alicia F. Lieberman and Lisa Amaya-JacksonII. Interventions to Enhance Early Attachments: Practice and Policy 6. The Circle of Security Intervention: Differential Diagnosis and Differential Treatment, Glen Cooper, Kent Hoffman, Bert Powell, and Robert Marvin7. Minding the Baby: Enhancing Parental Reflective Functioning in a Nursing/Mental Health Home Visiting Program, Arietta Slade, Lois S. Sadler, and Linda C. Mayes 8. Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-Up: An Intervention Targeting Empirically Identified Needs of Foster Infants, Mary Dozier, Oliver Lindhiem, and John P. Ackerman9. Building Attachment Relationships Following Maltreatment and Severe Deprivation, Charles H. Zeanah and Anna T. Smyke10. The Nurse–Family Partnership: Foundations in Attachment Theory and Epidemiology, David L. Olds 11. Enhancing Early Attachments in the Context of Early Head Start: Can Programs Emphasizing Family Support Improve Rates of Secure Infant–Mother Attachments in Low-Income Families?, Susan Spieker, Dana Nelson, Michelle DeKlyen, and Fredi Staerkel12. Tales From the Capitol: Tried, True, and Not-True Strategies for Increasing Policy Support for Programs to Enhance Early Attachment, Geoffrey Nagle and Joan Wightkin• Commentaries 1. Why Less Is More: From the Dodo Bird Verdict to Evidence-Based Interventions on Sensitivity and Early Attachments, Marinus van IJzendoorn, Marian J. Bakermans-Kranenburg, and Femmie Juffer 2. Models versus Metaphors in Translating Attachment Theory to the Clinic and Community, Thomas G. O'Connor and Wendy L. Nilsen3. Enhancing Early Attachments: Synthesis and Recommendations for Research, Practice, and Policy, Mark T. Greenberg

Lisa J. Berlin, PhD, is a Research Scientist at the Center for Child and Family Policy at Duke University. Her work focuses on early development and programs and policies for young children and their families; she is especially concerned with child abuse prevention. Currently she is directing two studies, with funding from the National Institute of Mental Health, addressing the intergenerational transmission of problematic parenting. Yair Ziv, PhD, is a Senior Study Director at Westat. He has conducted research on attachment-based early intervention and on parent-child relationships in infancy, childhood, and adolescence. Dr. Ziv's research program focuses on cognitive models of self and others and the mechanisms through which these models guide social perception, information processing, and behavior in close relationships. Lisa Amaya-Jackson, MD, MPH, is Associate Professor in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at Duke University Medical Center. She is Associate Director at the UCLA-Duke National Center for Child Traumatic Stress and Co-Director of Research and Training at the Center for Child and Family Health in North Carolina. Dr. Amaya-Jackson is a clinician-researcher known for her research in the assessment and treatment of children exposed to traumatic life events and her expertise in implementing evidence-based treatment for child trauma in community settings. Mark T. Greenberg, PhD, is Emeritus Professor in the College of Health and Human Development at The Pennsylvania State University, where he is also Founding Director of the Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center. A developmental psychologist, Dr. Greenberg is the author of over 350 journal articles and book chapters on the development of well-being; learning; and the effects of prevention efforts on children and families. He is a Founding Board Member of the Collaborative for Academic, Social, and Emotional Learning (CASEL). Dr. Greenberg is the recipient of numerous awards, including the Urie Bronfenbrenner Award for Lifetime Contribution to Developmental Psychology in the Service of Science and Society from the American Psychological Association. One of his current interests is how to help nurture awareness and compassion in our society. He is Chairperson of the Board of CREATE, a nonprofit devoted to improving the quality of schooling and the lives of teachers and students.