Electrical Impedance Principles, Measurement, and Applications

Electrical Impedance: Principles, Measurement, and Applications provides a modern and much-needed overview of electrical impedance measurement science and its application in metrology, sensor reading, device and material characterizations. It presents up-to-date coverage of the theory, practical methods, and modeling. The author covers the main impedance measurement techniques, stressing their practical application. The book includes a large set of measurement setup schematics, and diagrams and photos of standards and devices. It also offers an extensive list of references to both historical and recent papers on devices, methods, and traceability issues. Reviews the main definitions of the quantities related to impedance, some theorems of particular interest, the issue of impedance representation, and introduces the problem of impedance definition Lists devices, appliances, circuits, and instruments employed as building blocks of impedance measurement setups Classifies the main impedance measurement methods, including details on their implementation when a specific impedance definition is chosen Discusses the increasing use of mixed-signal electronics in impedance measurement setups Covers applications including details on the measurement of electromagnetic properties of materials Introduces impedance metrology, including artifact impedance standards, and the realization and reproduction of SI impedance units

BasicsTwo-terminal circuit elementsResistors, capacitors, inductorsPhasorsImpedance and admittancePower and RMS valueBeyond two-terminal networksImpedance and linear response theoryImpedance as an electromagnetic quantityThe graphical representation of electrical impedanceDensity quantitiesFrequency rangesImpedance definitionsn-terminal definitionsn-terminal-pair definitionsChange of definitionCable effectsDevices and appliances of interest in impedance measurementGeneratorsVoltage and current measurementVoltage and current ratio devicesCables and connectorsShieldingCommon practice methods I-V methodTwo-voltage methodsThree-voltage methodBridgesTransformer bridgesBeyond 2T definition of impedance standardsThe LCR meterCalibrationResonance methodsMutual inductance measured as self-inductanceNetwork analysisGoing digital SamplingDirect digital synthesisDigital signal analysisDigital impedance bridgesSampling impedance metersSome applications of impedance measurement Measurement of electromagnetic properties of materialsSensor readingSemiconductor device characterizationBiological measurementsMetrology: traceability and uncertainty TraceabilityUncertaintyMetrology: standardsImpedance standardsInductance standardsCapacitance standardsSynthesized impedance standardsCryogenic standardsStandards of phase angle, time constant, etcOpen and short standardsHigh-frequency and microwave standardsMetrology: realization and reproductionThe International System of UnitsRealization of impedance unitsReproduction of the ohmCounting electronsThe future of SIAppendicesSIHarmonic electromagnetic fieldsCODATA recommended valuesReactance ChartNomenclatureBibliographyIndex

Callegaro, Luca

Electrical Impedance: Principles, Measurement, and Applications provides a modern and much-needed overview of electrical impedance measurement science and its application in metrology, sensor reading, device and material characterizations. It presents up-to-date coverage of the theory, practical methods, and modeling. The author covers the main impedance measurement techniques, stressing their practical application. The book includes a large set of measurement setup schematics, and diagrams and photos of standards and devices. It also offers an extensive list of references to both historical and recent papers on devices, methods, and traceability issues.
- Reviews the main definitions of the quantities related to impedance, some theorems of particular interest, the issue of impedance representation, and introduces the problem of impedance definition.
- Lists devices, appliances, circuits, and instruments employed as building blocks of impedance measurement setups.
- Classifies the main impedance measurement methods, including details on their implementation when a specific impedance definition is chosen.
- Discusses the increasing use of mixed-signal electronics in impedance measurement setups.
- Covers applications including details on the measurement of electromagnetic properties of materials.
- Introduces impedance metrology, including artifact impedance standards, and the realization and reproduction of SI impedance units.