Electric Machines Steady State and Performance with MATLAB®

With its comprehensive coverage of the state of the art, this Second Edition introduces basic types of transformers and electric machines. Classifications and characterization—modeling and performance—of power electric transformers (single and multiphase), motors and generators, commercial machines (dc brush, induction dc excited synchronous, PM synchronous, reluctance synchronous) and some new ones (multiphase ac machines, switched reluctance machines) with great potential for industry with rotary or linear motion are all treated in the book. The book covers, in detail, circuit modeling characteristics and performance characteristics under steady state, testing techniques and preliminary electromagnetic-thermic dimensioning with lots of solved numerical examples and special cases to illustrate new electric machines with strong industrialization potential. All formulae used to characterize parameters and performance may be safely used in industry for preliminary designs and have been applied in the book through numerical solved examples of industrial interest. Numerous computer simulation programs in MATLAB® and Simulink® that illustrate performance characteristics present in the chapters are included and many be used as homework to facilitate a deeper understanding of fundamental issues. This book is intended for a first-semester course covering electric transformers, rotary and linear machines, steady-state modeling and performance computation, preliminary dimensioning, and testing standardized and innovative techniques. The textbook may be used by R&D engineers in industry as all machine parameters and characteristics are calculated by ready-to-use industrial design mathematical expressions.

1 Introduction1.1 Electric Energy and Electric Machines1.2 Basic Types of Transformers and Electric Machines1.3 Losses and Efficiency1.4 Physical Limitations and Ratings1.5 Nameplate Ratings1.6 Methods of Analysis1.7 State of the Art and Perspective171.8 Summary1.9 Proposed ProblemsReferences 2 Electric Transformers2.1 AC Coil with Magnetic Core and Transformer Principles2.2 Magnetic Materials in EMs and Their Losses2.3 Electric Conductors and Their Skin Effects2.4 Components of Single- and 3-Phase Transformers2.5 Flux Linkages and Inductances of Single-Phase Transformers2.6 Circuit Equations of Single-Phase Transformers with Core Losses2.7 Steady State and Equivalent Circuit2.8 No-Load Steady State (I2 = 0)/Lab 2.12.9 Steady-State Short-Circuit Mode/Lab 2.22.10 Single-Phase Transformers: Steady-State Operation on Load/Lab 2.32.11 Three-Phase Transformers: Phase Connections2.12 Particulars of 3-Phase Transformers on No Load2.13 General Equations of 3-Phase Transformers2.13.1 Inductance Measurement/Lab 2.42.14 Unbalanced Load Steady State in 3-Phase Transformers/Lab 2.52.15 Paralleling 3-Phase Transformers2.16 Transients in Transformers2.17 Instrument Transformers2.18 Autotransformers2.19 Transformers and Inductances for Power Electronics2.20 Preliminary Transformer Design (Sizing) by Example2.21 Summary2.22 Proposed ProblemsReferences 3 Energy Conversion and Types of Electric Machines3.1 Energy Conversion in Electric Machines3.2 Electromagnetic Torque3.3 Passive Rotor Electric Machines3.4 Active Rotor Electric Machines3.5 Fix Magnetic Field (Brush–Commutator) Electric Machines3.6 Traveling Field Electric Machines3.7 Types of Linear Electric Machines3.8 Flux – modulation electric machines: a new breed3.9 Summary3.10 Proposed ProblemsReferences 4 Brush–Commutator Machines: Steady State4.1 Introduction4.1.1 Stator and Rotor Construction Elements4.2 Brush–Commutator Armature Windings4.3 The Brush–Commutator4.4 Airgap Flux Density of Stator Excitation MMF4.5 No-Load Magnetization Curve by Example4.6 PM Airgap Flux Density and Armature Reaction by Example4.7 The Commutation Process4.8 EMF4.9 Equivalent Circuit and Excitation Connections4.10 DC Brush Motor/Generator with Separate (or PM)4.11 DC Brush PM Motor Steady-State and Speed Control4.12 DC Brush Series Motor/Lab 4.34.13 AC Brush Series Universal Motor4.14 Testing Brush–Commutator Machines/Lab 4.44.15 Preliminary Design of a DC Brush PM Automotive Small Motor by Example4.16 Summary4.17 Proposed ProblemsReferences 5 Induction Machines: Steady State5.1 Introduction: Applications and Topologies5.2 Construction Elements5.3 AC Distributed Windings5.4 Induction Machine Inductances5.5 Rotor Cage Reduction to the Stator5.6 Wound Rotor Reduction to the Stator5.7 Three-Phase Induction Machine Circuit Equations5.8 Symmetric Steady State of 3-Phase IMs5.9 Ideal No-Load Operation/Lab 5.15.10 Zero Speed Operation (S = 1)/Lab 5.25.11 No-Load Motor Operation (Free Shaft)/Lab 5.35.12 Motor Operation on Load (1 > S > 0)/Lab 5.45.13 Generating at Power Grid (n > f1/p1,S < 0)/Lab 5.55.14 Autonomous Generator Mode (S < 0)/Lab 5.65.15 Electromagnetic Torque and Motor Characteristics5.16 Deep-Bar and Dual-Cage Rotors5.17 Parasitic (Space Harmonics) Torques5.18 Starting Methods5.19 Speed Control Methods5.20 Unbalanced Supply Voltages5.21 One Stator Phase Open by Example/ Lab 5.75.22 One Rotor Phase Open5.23 Capacitor Split-Phase Induction Motors/ Lab 5.85.24 Linear Induction Motors5.24.1 End and Edge Effects in LIMs5.25 Regenerative and Virtual Load Testing of IMs/Lab 5.75.26 Preliminary Electromagnetic IM Design by Example5.27 Dual stator windings induction generators (DWIG)5.28 Summary5.28 Proposed ProblemsReferences 6 Synchronous Machines: Steady State6.1 Introduction: Applications and Topologies6.2 Stator (Armature) Windings for SMs6.3 SM Rotors: Airgap Flux Density Distribution and EMF6.4 Two-Reaction Principle via Generator Mode6.5 Armature Reaction and Magnetization Reactances, Xdm and Xqm6.6 Symmetric Steady-State Equations and Phasor Diagram6.7 Autonomous Synchronous Generators6.8 Synchronous Generators at Power Grid/Lab 6.46.9 Basic Static- and Dynamic-Stability Concepts6.10 Unbalanced Load Steady State of SGs/Lab 6.56.11 Large Synchronous Motors6.12 PM Synchronous Motors: Steady State6.13 Load Torque Pulsations Handling by Synchronous Motors/Generators6.14 Asynchronous Starting of SMs and Their Self-Synchronization to Power Grid6.15 Single-Phase and Split-Phase Capacitor PM Synchronous Motors6.16 Preliminary Design Methodology of a 3-Phase small automotive PMSM by Example6.17 Single phase PM autonomous a.c. generator with step – capacitor voltage control: a case study6.18 Summary6.19 Proposed ProblemsReferences

Ion Boldea is a Full Professor of Electrical Engineering at the University Politechnica of Timisoara, Romania. Professor Boldea is a Life Fellow of IEEE. He won the IEEE 2015 Nikola Tesla Award for "contributions to the design and control of rotating and linear electric machines for industry applications." Lucian N. Tutelea is currently a Professor with the Department of Electric Engineering, Politehnica University Timisoara. His main research interests include design, modeling, and control of electric machines and drives.