I. Introduction.- 1. Cultural Evolutionary Approaches and Archaeology: Past, Present, and Future.- II. Technological Change and Economic Specialization.- 2. Guilá Naquitz Revisited: Agricultural Origins in Oaxaca, Mexico.- 3. The Evolution of theTipití: A Study in the Process of Invention.- 4. Accelerated Technological Change in Archaeology and Ancient History.- 5. High-Intensity Household-Scale Production in Ancient Mesoamerica: A Perspective from Ejutla, Oaxaca.- III. Political Complexity and Its Emergence.- 6. Lightning and Jaguars: Iconography, Ideology, and Politics in Formative Cuicatlán, Oaxaca.- 7. Games, Players, Rules, and Circumstances: Looking for Understandings of Social Change at Different Levels.- 8. Modeling Tributary Economies and Hierarchical Polities: A Prologue.- 9. The Development of Administration from Collective to Centralized Economies in the Mesopotamian World: The Transformation of an Institution from System-Serving to Self-Serving.- IV. Conclusions.- 10. A Concluding Perspective on the Theoretical Contributions of Kent V. Flannery: Tenets for the Next Century of U.S. Archaeology.- Postscript.- Comprehensive Bibliography of Kent V. Flannery.