Crusading and Archaeology Some Archaeological Approaches to the Crusades

Between the eleventh and fifteenth centuries, the social and cultural worlds of medieval Europe and the Eastern Mediterranean were transformed by the religious impetus of the crusades. Today we bear witness to these transformations in the material and environmental record revealed by new archaeological excavations and reappraisals of museum collections. This volume highlights new archaeological knowledge being developed by scholars working in the fields of history, archaeology, numismatics, and architecture to demonstrate its potential to change and augment our understanding of the crusades. The 16 chapters in this volume deploy a contemporary scientific approach to archaeology of the crusades to give an up-to-date account into the diverse range of research in this area. They explore five key themes: the implications of scientific methods, new excavations and surveys, architectural analyses, sigillography, and the application of social interpretations. Together these chapters provide a new way of approaching the study of the crusades, and demonstrate the value of taking a holistic view that utilises the full diverse range of evidence available to us.

INTRODUCTION: CURRENT RESEARCH AND APPROACHES Vardit R. Shotten-Hallel and Rosie Weetch 1. THE TWO SIEGES AND THE CONQUEST OF MONTFORT Adrian J. Boas and Rabei G. Khamisy 2. REVISITING THE STRANGE GENESIS OF A TECHNIQUE: RADIOCARBON DATING OF FRANKISH MORTAR Benjamin Z. Kedar 3. CONVERGENCES OF INTERDISCIPLINARY PATHS: THE HOSPITALLER CONVENT OF SAN GIOVANNI DI PRÈ IN GENOA THROUGH HISTORICAL AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE (TWELFTH TO FIFTEENTH CENTURIES) Elena Bellomo 4. LA REDÉCOUVERTE DE DEUX CHÂTEAUX DE L’HÔPITAL EN HAUTE-PROVENCE: MANOSQUE ET PUIMOISSON EXHUMÉS PAR LES SOURCES ÉCRITES Damien Carraz 5. A CENTURY AND A HALF OF CRUSADER RULE IN THE TOWN AND LORDSHIP OF ARSUR Hauke Kenzler and Annette Zeischka-Kenzler 6. BREAD FOR ALL: DOUBLE-CHAMBERED BAKING OVENS IN CASTLES OF THE MILITARY ORDERS; LE CRAC DES CHEVALIERS (SYRIA), LE CHASTELLET DU GUÉ DE JACOB, BELVOIR, AND ARSUR (ISRAEL) Jean Mesqui, Maxime Goepp, and Lisa Yehuda 7. RADIOGRAPHIE DU TOMBEAU DES PATRIARCHES Herve Barbe avec la collaboration de Clement Laplaige, Marc Lethiecq, Xavier Rodier, et Francois Vander Meulen 8. GOTHIC FOR ALL: FROM MACRO- TO MICROARCHITECTURE ACROSS RELIGIOUS BOUNDARIES IN LUSIGNAN AND VENETIAN CYPRUS Michalis Olympios 9. VILLEHARDOUIN’S CASTLE OF GRAND MAGNE (MEGALI MAINI): A RE-ASSESSMENT OF THE EVIDENCE FOR ITS LOCATION Michael Heslop 10. CIVITAS REGIS REGVM OMNIVM: INVENTING A ROYAL SEAL IN JERUSALEM, 1100–1118 Robert Kool 11. CHANGE OR CONTINUITY? RURAL SETTLEMENT IN EASTERN GALILEE AT THE TIME OF THE CRUSADES: THE HOSPITALLER ESTATE OF BELVOIR Simon Dorso 12. ARCHAEOTHANATOLOGY, BURIALS, AND CEMETERIES: PERSPECTIVES FOR CRUSADER ARCHAEOLOGY Yves Gleize 13. OVERLOOKED ORDNANCE: ARTILLERY PROJECTILES OF THE CRUSADER PERIOD Michael S. Fulton 14. THE INSCRIPTIONS OF THE LATIN KINGDOM OF JERUSALEM: NEW CORPUS AND PERSPECTIVES Estelle Ingrand-Varenne 15. ASCALON, A LANDSCAPE OF CONFLICTS: SOME LANDSCAPE ARCHAEOLOGY PERSPECTIVES ON CONFLICTS FROM THE DAYS OF THE LATIN KINGDOM OF JERUSALEM Rafael Y. Lewis 16. THE CASTLE CHAPEL OF ARSUR: NEW EVIDENCE FOR ITS LOCATION AND ARCHITECTURE Vardit R. Shotten-Hallel, Hagi Yohanan, and Oren Tal

Vardit R. Shotten-Hallel is a researcher in the Archaeological Research Department, Israel Antiquities Authority (IAA). Her research focuses on medieval architecture, building archaeology, and construction technology. Rosie Weetch is head of cultural property and collections policy at the UK Government Department for Digital, Culture, Media, and Sport. She is a curator and researcher with an interest in the material culture of the early and late medieval periods.