Crusades Volume 20

Crusades covers the seven hundred years from the First Crusade (1095-1102) to the fall of Malta (1798) and draws together scholars working on theatres of war, their home fronts and settlements from the Baltic to Africa and from Spain to the Near East and on theology, law, literature, art, numismatics and economic, social, political and military history. Routledge publishes this journal for The Society for the Study of the Crusades and the Latin East. Particular attention is given to the publication of historical sources - narrative, homiletic and documentary - but studies and interpretative essays are welcomed too. Crusades also incorporates the Society's Bulletin. The editors are Professor Benjamin Z. Kedar, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel; Professor Jonathan Phillips, Royal Holloway, University of London, UK; Nikolaos G. Chrissis, Democritus University of Thrace, Greece; and Iris Shagrir, The Open University of Israel.

1. Farewell Message from the Founding Editor Benjamin Z. Kedar 2. "Itineraria Terrae Sanctae minora III: Some Early Twelfth-Century Guides to Frankish Jerusalem" Denys Pringle 3."‘Esteemed brothers, comrades of mine…’: Constructing the Piety and Pugnacity of the Military Orders through Battle Rhetoric" Connor C. Wilson 4."Jerusalem as the Travelling City of God: Henry of Albano and the Preaching of the Third Crusade" Alexander Marx 5."‘Because of incest which one of the two of them committed’: A Letter about Two Third Crusade Participants from the Archivo Catedralicio de Toledo" Kyle C. Lincoln 6."Interpreters in Franco-Muslim Negotiations" William S. Murrell 7."Conceptualizing the Crusade in Outremer: Uses and Purposes of the Word ‘Crusade’ in the Old French Continuation of William of Tyre" Benjamin Weber 8. "The Emergence of the Way of the Cross in Jerusalem during the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries" Netta Amir 9."Pergamene due-trecentesche della Certosa di Calci rogate in Levante" Bruno Figliuolo 10. "A Vocation Receptive to Outside Influences: Doctors, Hospitals and Medicine in Lusignan and Venetian Cyprus: 1191-1570" Nicholas Coureas 11."The Crusade and its Fronts in French Historiography from the Interwar Period to 2020" Philippe Josserand 12. Bernard Hamilton Essay Prize:"A Paragon of Support? Ela of Salisbury, Martyrdom, and the Ideals of Sponsoring Crusade" Gordon M. Reynolds 13. Review Article: Jaroslav Folda on The Restoration of the Nativity Church in Bethlehem, ed. Claudio Alessandri Reviews SSCLE Bulletin 41 (2021)

Benjamin Z. Kedar, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel Jonathan Phillips, Royal Holloway, University of London, UK Nikolaos G. Chrissis, Democritus University of Thrace, Greece Iris Shagrir, The Open University of Israel