Notes on Authors
Acknowledgements
1. Crime and Power: Introduction
Crime and Power
Why Power is Important
Useful Terminology
The Case Study Approach
What is a case study?
The case for the case study in criminological research
Our case studies
The Layout
References
2. What is Power and Who are the Powerful?
Introduction
What is Power?
Power is relational
Power is about decision-making
Power is about having agency
Power is economic
Power is about resources
Power is structural
Power can be positive
Power is visible and invisible
Summary
Who has Power?
Frank Pearce’s (1976) Crimes of the Powerful
Individual and Group Power
Where is the Power?
How is Power used and Why?
Summary: How are power, harm, and crime connected?
Pause for Thought
References
3. The Invisibility of Crimes of the Powerful
Introduction
The Seven Features of Invisibility
No knowledge
No statistics
No theory
No research
No control
No politics
No panic!
The Media
Summary
Pause for Thought
The Seven Spatial Typologies of Invisible Crimes
The Body
The Home
The Street
The Suite
The Environment
The State
The Virtual
Pause for Thought
Summary
References
Part 1: Individuals and Power Dynamics
Intersectionalities
Part 1: Chapters 4-8
Questions to Ponder
References
4. Class, Status and Elites
Introduction
Crime and the ‘Lower’ Classes
What is class?
Crime, statistics, and poverty
Definitions of Crime
White-collar Crime
The scattered effects of white-collar crime
The trend away from a criminal justice system response to corporate crime
Characteristics of the perpetrators
The limitations of white-collar crime
Pause for Thought
More than just White-collar Crime
Case Study – Harvey Weinstein
Case Study Discussion: Hiding in Plain Sight
Pause for Thought
Elitism and Crime
Go Further
References
5. Race and Ethnicity
Introduction
The Political Economy of Colonisation
Case Study – Black Lives Matter
Pause for Thought
Police shootings in the United States
Slavery and Civil Rights
Contemporary Racial Profiling
The Impact of Zero-tolerance Policing
Control and Adaptations to Control
Connections to the past
Punishment and surveillance in the modern era
Summary
Go Further
References
6. Religion
Introduction
Case Study 1 - Ireland’s Magdalen Laundries: Historical background and contemporary developments and discourse
Case Study 2 - Bon Secours Mother and Baby Home in Tuam
Magdelenism and the Role of the State
The Catholic Church and the new morality
Pause for Thought
The All Powerful Total Institution:
Containment
Discipline and Punish
Silence and Denial
Power and Activism
Pause for Thought
Summary
Go Further
References
7. Gender
Introduction
The Sex/Gender Dichotomy and Binarism
Gender, Power and Feminisms
The Gender Order and Social Structural Power
Patriarchy
The ‘Man’ Question
Gender and Individual Power
Case Study 1: The Sauvage Case
Pause for Thought
Coercive Power
Discussion
Gender, Culture and Economic Power
Case Study 2: Saudi Arabia Women’s Driving Ban
Pause for Thought
Summary
Go Further
References
8. Age
Introduction
Constructing Age as a Social Category
Defining ‘Old’ and ‘Young’
Criminal Responsibility
Box 8.1: United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child
Age, Crime and Victimisation in Context
Table 8.1: Age of Criminal Responsibility around the World
Box 8.2 ‘Youth Justice’
Figure 8.1: Age-Crime Curve
Case Study 1 – The Murder of James Bulger
Pause for Thought
Power, Powerlessness, and Vulnerability
Case Study 2 – Exploring Elder Abuse in Australia
Pause for Thought
Ideal Victims and Age
Popular Representations and Visibility
Summary
Go Further
References
Part 2: Groups, Power and Criminality
Questions to Ponder
References
9. Corporations
Introduction
What is a Corporation and What is Corporate Crime?
Corporate crime
Why are Corporations Criminogenic?
Finance Crimes
Illegal share dealings and mergers
Tax evasion
Illegal accounting
Bribery
Offenses Against Consumers
Case Study 1 Volkswagen’s Defeat Device
Pause for Thought
Crimes Against Employees
Environmental Offenses
Case Study 2 Carbofin the Italian Shipping Company
Pause for thought
The Consequences of Corporate Power
Control
Trends in control
Alternatives to current approaches
Power through invisibility
No knowledge
No statistics
No control
No politics
No panic!
No theory and no research
Summary
Go Further
References
10. Organised Crime
Introduction
What is Organised Crime and What are Organised Crime Groups?
How is Organised Crime Explained?
What Crimes are Committed by Organised Groups?
Case Study 1 – The Sinaloa Drug Cartel in Mexico
Pause for Thought
Case Study 2 – The Camorra in Italy
Pause for Thought
Control
Power in Plain Sight
Summary
Go Further
References
11. The State
Introduction
What is a State?
State Crime
Types of State Crimes
Negligence
Police Crime
Collusion
Corruption
State terror
Case Study 1 – Crisis in Ukraine and Russia’s Invasion (2013-2014)
A Crime of Aggression
Pause for Thought
War Crime
Torture
Genocide
Case Study 2 – the Rohingya people in Myanmar
Pause for Thought
Summary
Go Further
References
12. Militias and Insurgents
Introduction
What are insurgents?
Harms and Crimes of Insurgents
Victims of Insurgents
Case Study 1: Boko Haram – the Chibok School Kidnapping 2014
Pause for Thought
Intersectionalities – Gender, Age, and Religion
Case Study 2: The Shining Path in Peru – Sendero Luminoso
Pause for Thought
The Global Community
Summary
Go Further
References
13. Crime and Power: Conclusion
Introduct