Corpus Annotation Linguistic Information from Computer Text Corpora

Corpus Annotation gives an up-to-date picture of this fascinating new area of research, and will provide essential reading for newcomers to the field as well as those already involved in corpus annotation. Early chapters introduce the different levels and techniques of corpus annotation. Later chapters deal with software developments, applications, and the development of standards for the evaluation of corpus annotation. While the book takes detailed account of research world-wide, its focus is particularly on the work of the UCREL (University Centre for Computer Corpus Research on Language) team at Lancaster University, which has been at the forefront of developments in the field of corpus annotation since its beginnings in the 1970s.

List of contributorsPreface1. Introducing corpus annotationGeoffrey Leech2. Grammatical taggingGeoffrey Leech3. Syntactic annotation: treebanksGeoffrey Leech and Elizabeth Eyes4. Semantic annotationAndrew Wilson and Jenny Thomas5. Discourse annotation: anaphoric relations in corporaRoger Garside, Steve Fligelstone and Simon Botley6. Further levels of annotationGeoffrey Leech, Anthony McEnery and Martin Wynne7. A hybrid grammatical tagger: CLAWS4Roger Garside and Nicholas Smith8. How to generalise the task of annotationSteve Fligelstone, Mike Pacey and Paul Rayson9. Improving a taggerNicholas Smith10. Retageting a taggerFernando Sánchez León and Amalio F.Nieto-Serrano11. The use of syntactic annotation tools: partial and full parsingJeremy Bateman, Jean Forrest, and Tim Willis12. Higher-level annotation toolsRoger Garside and Paul Rayson13. A corpus/annotation toolboxAnthony McEnery and Paul Rayson14. A corpus-based grammar toolAnthony McEnery, John Paul Baker and John Hutchinson15. The exploitation of multilingual annotated corpora for term extractionAnthony McEnery, Jean-Marc Langé, Michael Oakes and Jean Véronis16. Cross-linguistic guidelines for the annotation of corporaPeter Kahrel, Ruthanna Barnett and Geoffrey Leech17. Consistency and accuracy in correcting automatically-tagged corporaJohn Paul BakerAppendix I: Sources for further information (WWW and e-mail addresses)Appendix II: Abbreviations and acronymsAppendix III: Specimen annotation practices: the C7 and C5 tagsetsBibliographyIndex