Corporate Financialization An Economic Sociology Perspective

The economic process of financialization is defined by many as the development of the dependence and subordination of the productive sector to the financial sector. Leading to an emphasis on maximizing shareholder value above all else, the financialization of the economy and production has an enormous impact on the everyday life of ordinary people including the erosion of employment right, the rise of precarious work, and rising inequalities. Using multicase study research and an exploratory approach, this book analyzes the financialization process in the ten companies with the highest market capitalization worldwide including tech firms, oil companies and banks. This book analyzes indicators of financialization in large corporations including a comparison between profitability sources; shareholding structure, acquisitions and sales of shares; mergers and acquisitions; the origins of directors; payment of compensation to executives; dividend payments to shareholders and stock repurchases; employee salaries; and employment levels. The data demonstrates that what would once have been considered non-core business activities have become more profitable than core business activities in many of these companies. In some cases, these companies are responsible for large investment funds and financial-type institutions which already surpass the largest banks in terms of assets under management. Meanwhile, the average salaries at some of these companies have been falling in real terms due to the rise of outsourcing and the use of cheap or precarious labour. Adopting an economic sociology approach, this book marks a significant contribution to the literature on financialization in economics, sociology and business.

1 Introduction 2 Apple Inc 3 Google 4 Microsoft Corporation 5 Amazon.com Inc. 6 Berkshire Hathaway 7 Facebook 8 Johnson & Johnson 9 JPMorgan Chase & Co 10 Tencent Holdings 11 ExxonMobil 12 Conclusions Appendix – Five years later

Marcelo José do Carmo has a PhD in Production Engineering from the Federal University of São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil. He is now a University Lecturer at the Production Engineering Department at the Polytechnic School of the University of São Paulo (USP). Mário Sacomano Neto is currently an Associate Professor of Organizational Studies at the Federal University of São Carlos, UFSCar, Brazil. He has experience in organizational studies, economic sociology, corporate control, strategy, field theory, and financialization. Julio Cesar Donadone is currently a Full Professor at the Federal University of São Carlos, Brazil, and coordinator of the Center of Studies on Economic Sociology and Finance NESEFI -UFSCar. He has experience in sociology, especially in economic sociology, working mainly on the following topics: intermediaries, financialization, and field dynamics.