Control and Automation of Electrical Power Distribution Systems

The book also provides two case studies that illustrate the business case for distribution automation (DA) and methods for calculating benefits, including the assessment of crew time savings. As utilities strive for better economies, DA, along with other tools described in this volume, help to achieve improved management of the distribution network. Using this book, you can embark on the automation solution best suited for your needs.

Implementing the automation of electric distribution networks, from simple remote control to the application of software-based decision tools, requires many considerations, such as assessing costs, selecting the control infrastructure type and automation level, deciding on the ambition level, and justifying the solution through a business case. Control and Automation of Electric Power Distribution Systems addresses all of these issues to aid you in resolving automation problems and improving the management of your distribution network.Bringing together automation concepts as they apply to utility distribution systems, this volume presents the theoretical and practical details of a control and automation solution for the entire distribution system of substations and feeders. The fundamentals of this solution include depth of control, boundaries of control responsibility, stages of automation, automation intensity levels, and automated device preparedness. To meet specific performance goals, the authors discuss distribution planning, performance calculations, and protection to facilitate the selection of the primary device, associated secondary control, and fault indicators. The book also provides two case studies that illustrate the business case for distribution automation (DA) and methods for calculating benefits, including the assessment of crew time savings.As utilities strive for better economies, DA, along with other tools described in this volume, help to achieve improved management of the distribution network. Using Control and Automation of Electric Power Distribution Systems, you can embark on the automation solution best suited for your needs.

POWER DELIVERY SYSTEM CONTROL AND AUTOMATIONIntroductionWhy Distribution AutomationPower Delivery SystemsControl HierarchyWhat Is Distribution AutomationDistribution Automation SystemBasic Architectures and Implementation Strategies for DADefinitions of Automated Device PreparednessSummaryCENTRAL CONTROL AND MANAGEMENTIntroductionPower System OperationOperations Environment of Distribution NetworksEvolution of Distribution Management SystemsBasic Distribution Management System FunctionsBasic of a Real-Time Control System (SCADA) Outage ManagementDecision Support ToolsSubsystemsExtended Control-Feeder AutomationPerformance Measures and Response TimesData Base Structures and InterfacesConclusionsAppendix 2A: Sample Comprehensive CIM StructureDESIGN, CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION OF DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS, MV NETWORKSIntroductionDesign of NetworksLV Distribution NetworksSwitchgear for Distribution Substations and LV NetworksExtended Control of Distribution Substations and LV NetworksSummaryHARDWARE FOR DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMSIntroduction to SwitchgearPrimary SwitchgearGround Mounted Network SubstationsLarger Distribution/Compact SubstationsPole Mounted Enclosed SwitchesPole Mounted ReclosersPole Mounted Switch Disconnectors and DisconnectorsOperating Mechanisms and ActuatorsCurrent and Voltage Measuring DevicesInstrument Transformers in Extended ControlCurrent and Voltage SensorsPROTECTION AND CONTROLIntroductionProtection Using RelaysSensitive Earth Fault and Instantaneous Protection SchemesProtection Using FusesEarth Fault and Overcurrent Protection for Solid/ Resistance Earthed NetworksEarth Faults on Compensated NetworksEarth Faults on Unearthed NetworksAn Earth Fault Relay for Compensated and Unearthed NetworksFault Passage IndicationConnection of the FPI to the Distribution System ConductorDistribution System Earthing and Fault Passage IndicationAutoReclosing and Fault Passage IndicatorsThe Choice of Indication between Phase Fault and Earth FaultResetting the Fault Passage IndicatorGrading of Fault Passage IndicatorsSelecting a Fault Passage IndicatorIntelligent Electronic Device (IED)Power Supplies for Extended ControlAutomation Ready Switchgear - FA Building BlocksExamples of Building BlocksTypical Inputs and Outputs for Building BlocksControl Building Blocks and RetrofitControl LogicPERFORMANCE OF DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMFaults on Distribution NetworksPerformance and Basic Reliability CalculationsCalculating the Effects of Extended ControlImproving the Reliability of Underground NetworksImproving the Reliability of Overhead NetworksImproving Performance with AutomationImprovements by Combining Design Methods on Underground CircuitsCOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS FOR CONTROL AND AUTOMATIONIntroductionCommunications and Distribution AutomationDA Communication Physical Link OptionsWireless CommunicationWire CommunicationsDistribution Automation Communications ProtocolsDistribution Automation Communications ArchitectureDA Communications User Interface Some Considerations for DA Communications SelectionRequirements for Dimensioning the Communications ChannelGlossary of Communication Terms UsedCREATING THE BUSINESS CASEIntroductionPotential Benefits Perceived by the Industry for Substation AutomationPotential Benefits Perceived by the Industry for Feeder AutomationGeneric BenefitsBenefits Opportunity MatrixBenefits Flow ChartDependencies, Shared and Unshared BenefitsCapital Deferral, Release, or DisplacementSavings in ManpowerSavings Related to EnergyOther Operating BenefitsSummary of DA Functions and BenefitsEconomic Value-CostPresentation of Results and ConclusionCASE STUDIESIntroductionCase Study 1, Long Rural FeederCase Study 2, Large Urban NetworkGlossaryIndex