Concrete Surface Engineering

Applying any material to an existing concrete surface intrinsically entails the development of a bond. Considering the ever increasing importance of concrete repair and protection, which imply the creation of an interface between two materials, an improved knowledge of concrete surface characteristics is paramount. Surface engineering, which has evolved from the world of metallurgy, addresses all surface-related considerations, notably adhesion. It provides a fundamental understanding of what will make the contact between two materials effective or not, allowing for interactions of variable intensity. It also comes with a variety of scientific tools for characterizing the quality of the substrate, the properties of the new material layer and their interface. In the case of concrete surface treatment, this is especially important for achieving lasting results. This book addresses the essentials of concrete surface engineering in view of a wide variety of concrete surface treatments, from protective coatings to repairs. It provides a leading-edge source of information for practicing engineers, architects, repair specialists, and researchers on the following topics: Surface engineering principles applied to concrete Methods and techniques for assessing concrete surface characteristics Fundamentals of adhesion between concrete and surface repairs/treatments Compatibility requirements for concrete surface repairs/treatments Review of surface preparation techniques available for concrete Achievement and appraisal of bond between existing concrete and surface repairs/treatments Benoît Bissonnette is professor of civil engineering at Laval University in Quebec City, Canada. Luc Courard is professor of building materials at the University of Liège in Belgium. Andrzej Garbacz is professor of building materials engineering in the Department of Building Materials Engineering at the Warsaw University of Technology in Poland.

IntroductionFundamentals of surface engineeringConcept and significance of concrete surface engineering applied to concreteReferencesSurface of concreteSurface of concrete: Concepts and definitionsConcrete surface compositionEffective composition of the near-to-surface layerConclusion ReferencesCharacterization of concrete surfaceIntroductionSurface profileMechanical propertiesCrackingPorosityMoisture contentSurface compositionChemical contaminationAestheticsOther propertiesConclusion ReferencesInterfacial phenomenaAdhesion: PrinciplesAdhesion: Thermodynamic approachContact angles and interfacial free energyEvaluation of interfacial energiesExperimental studiesConclusionReferencesCompatibilityGeneral considerationsDimensional compatibilityPermeability compatibilityChemical compatibilityElectrochemical compatibilityAesthetical compatibilityAchievement of compatibility in repair systemsConclusionReferencesSurface preparationObjectivesConcrete removal techniquesSurface preparation techniquesEffects of preparation techniques on surface roughnessMicrocracking and bruisingComparison and limitation of techniquesMoistening the surface ConclusionReferencesSurface treatment of concrete and adherenceTypes of surface treatments for concreteEvaluation of adherenceInfluence of concrete surface characteristics ConclusionReferencesConclusions and perspectives

Benoît Bissonnette, FACI, is professor of civil engineering at Laval University in Quebec City, Canada. He has co-managed the NSERC Industrial Research Chair on Durable Repair and Optimized Maintenance of Concrete Infrastructure in the recent years and has been involved in a wide variety of research projects devoted to concrete repair. Dr. Bissonnette is a member of several technical committees of the American Concrete Institute (ACI C223 Shrinkage-compensating concrete; ACI C364 Rehabilitation), the International Union of Laboratories and Experts in Construction Materials, Systems and Structures (RILEM TC 181-EAS, TC 193-RLS), and the International Concrete Repair Institute (ICRI Repair Materials and Methods Committee. He has authored or coauthored more than 125 peer-reviewed papers. Luc Courard is professor of building materials at the University of Liège in Belgium. After completing his PhD work on concrete surface characterization in the late 1990s, he went to Laval University for postdoctoral research. His research activities are still dedicated to concrete surface characterization, as well as to innovative repair materials and supplementary cementitious materials. Dr. Courard is a member of the American Concrete Institute, the International Union of Laboratories and Experts in Construction Materials, Systems and Structures and the Belgian Group of Concrete. He has authored or coauthored more than 140 peer-reviewed papers. Andrzej Garbacz is professor of building materials engineering in the Department of Building Materials Engineering at the Warsaw University of Technology, Poland. Dr. Garbacz’s research interests include concrete-polymer composites, repair materials, microstructure characterization, non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques for concrete characterization and evaluation of repair materials. In 2005, he became a senior member of the International Union of Laboratories and Experts in Construction Materials, Systems and Structures (RILEM). He has been participating actively to the International Congress on Polymers in Concrete (ICPIC) since 1992, being appointed as a member of the board of directors in 2007 and as secretary in 2013. He has authored or coauthored more than 120 peer-reviewed papers.