Civil Disobedience from Nepal to Norway Traditions, Extensions, and Civility

This volume explores the shifts in how civil disobedience has come to be theorized, defined, understood, and practised in contemporary politics. As social activism takes increasingly global forms, the goals of individuals and groups who view themselves as disobedient activists today can be defined in broader cultural terms than before, and their relationship to law and violence can be ambiguous. Civil disobedience may no longer be entirely nonviolent, its purposes no longer necessarily serve progressive or emancipatory agendas. Its manifestations often blur the lines established in “classic”, philosophically justified, and self-regulatory forms as epitomised in mass nonviolent protests of Mahatma Gandhi and Martin Luther King and theories of Arendt, Rawls and Dworkin. How civil disobedience operates has changed over the years, and this volume unpacks its many contemporary lives. It discusses new theoretical and political dilemmas and paradoxes through empirical cases and practical examples from Europe, the United States, and South Asia, which enables a “mirroring” perspective for the challenges and complexities of civil disobedience in different parts of the world. Bringing together innovative and introspective perspectives on people and protests in contemporary political contexts, this volume will be of great interest to scholars and philosophers of political science, international relations theory, political philosophy, peace and conflict studies, sociology, and cultural studies.

1. Introduction: Civil Disobedience from Nepal to Norway Tiina Seppälä, Tapio Nykänen, and Tiina Harjumaa PART I. Civil Disobedience Then and Now 2. The Concept and Practises of Civil Disobedience Petri Koikkalainen, Tapio Nykänen, and Tiina Harjumaa 3. Experiments with Civil Disobedience during Norwegian Environmental Struggles, 1970–2000 Stellan Vinthagen and Jørgen Johansen 4. Civil Disobedience and Artistic Protests – The Áltá and Deatnu Disputes and the Development of Sámi Resistance Tapio Nykänen, Veli-Pekka Lehtola, and Birgitta Vinkka 5. Drugs, Disobedience, and Democracy: Civil Disobedience and Drug Policy Mika Luoma-aho PART II. Alternative Insights and Extensions of Civil Disobedience 6. Open Source Disobedience – Rise of Civic Hacktivism in Taiwan Sami Kotiranta 7. Masked Struggle: Uncivil Disobedience on the Streets of Finland Johan-Eerik Kukko 8. Is There an Alternative Tradition of Civil Disobedience in Europe? Taru Haapala 9. Different Forms of Dissent in Anti-Deportation Activism in Finland: From Refugee Protests to Civil Disobedience Tiina Seppälä 10. Dissenting Civil Society, Hunger Strikes, and the Transitional Justice Process in Nepal Neetu Pokharel, Som Niroula, and Tiina Seppälä PART III Defending Civility in Civil Disobedience 11. Academic Freedom, Resisting Intellectuals, and the Idea of University in South Asia Arun Gupto 12. Understanding Whistleblowing: Civil Disobedience or Uncivil Action? Manohar Kumar

Tapio Nykänen is University Lecturer in Political Science at the University of Lapland, and an Adjunct Professor at the University of Jyväskylä, Finland. Tiina Seppälä is Senior Researcher in International Relations at the University of Lapland, and an Adjunct Professor of International Development Studies at the University of Jyväskylä, Finland. Petri Koikkalainen is Professor of Arctic Politics and Governance (on leave of absence from the University of Lapland) and an Adjunct Professor of Political Science at the universities of Helsinki and Jyväskylä.