Cancer Imaging Instrumentation and Applications

This second of two volumes on Cancer Imaging covers the three major topics of imaging instrumentation, general imaging applications, and imaging of a number of human cancer types. Where the first volume emphasized lung and breast carcinomas, Volume 2 focuses on prostate, colorectal, ovarian, gastrointestinal, and bone cancers. Although cancer therapy is not the main subject of this series, the crucial role of imaging in selecting the type of therapy and its post-treatment assessment are discussed. The major emphasis in this volume is on cancer imaging; however, differentiation between benign tumors and malignant tumors is also discussed. This volume is sold individually, and Cancer Imaging, Volume 1 [ISBN: 978-0-12-370468-9] sells separately for $189 and also as part of a two volume set [ISBN: 978-0-12-374212-4] for $299.

Contents of Volume 1ContributorsPrefaceSelected GlossaryPart I: Instrumentation Chapter 1.1 Proton Computed Tomography Introduction Review of Prior Studies on Proton Imaging Image Formation Principles of Proton Computed Tomography Detector Design and Data Acquisition for Proton Computed Tomography Image Reconstruction Algorithms Discussion and Conclusions Acknowledgments References Chapter 1.2 Multidetector Computed Tomography Introduction Evolution of Computed Tomography Basic Physics of Multidetector Computed Tomography and Image Quality Artifacts in Multidetector Computed Tomography Radiation Dose Considerations Electrocardiogram-Gated Multidetector Computed Tomography Use of Intravenous Contrast in Multidetector Computed Tomography Oncologic Imaging Three-Dimensional and Multiplanar Reformations Three-Dimensional Volume Rendering Volumetric Analysis of Lesions Computer-Aided Detection References Chapter 1.3 Megavoltage Computed Tomography Imaging Introduction Fundamentals of Megavoltage Imaging Design and Performance Characteristics of Tomotherapy Megavoltage Computed Tomography Clinical Implementation of Megavoltage Computed Tomography Use of Megavoltage Computed Tomography for Daily Alignment: Head and Neck Cancers Adaptive Image Guidance: Lung Cancers Image-Based Volumetric Dose Calculations: Prostate Cancer Image-Based Volumetric Dose Calculations: Intracavitary Brachytherapy References Chapter 1.4 Integrated SET-3000G/X Positron Emission Tomography Scanner Introduction System Description Continuous Emission and Spiral Transmission Scanning PET/CT System with cEST Scanning Discussion References Chapter 1.5 High-Resolution Magic Angle Spinning Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Introduction Samples Spectral Analysis Results Discussion References Chapter 1.6 Spatial Dependency of Noise and Its Correlation among Various Imaging Modalities Introduction Impact of Noise in Images Noise Noise Variation Noise Correlation Autocorrelation Function Noise Correlation in Various Modalities Discussion References Chapter 1.7 Computed Tomography Scan Methods Account for Respiratory Motion in Lung Cancer Introduction Slow Scan Computed Tomography vs. Fast Scan Computed Tomography Four-Dimensional Computed Tomography Respiratory Gating Computed Tomography Volumetric Cine Computed Tomography Respiratory-Correlated Segment Computed Tomography References Chapter 1.8 Respiratory Motion Artifact Using Positron Emission Tomography/ Computed Tomography Introduction Origin of the Artifact Appearance of the Artifact Consequences of the Artifact Avoiding the Effects of the Artifact References Chapter 1.9 Gadolinium-Based Contrast Media Used in Magnetic Resonance Imaging: An Overview Introduction Mechanism of Action Classification Clinical Safety Other Applications References Chapter 1.10 Molecular Imaging of Cancer with Superparamagnetic Iron-Oxide Nanoparticles Introduction Iron Oxide Core and Superparamagnetism Synthesis and Coating Biocompatibility and Biodistribution Cell Tracking Organ-Specific/Passive Targeting Active Targeting Apoptosis Magnetic Relaxation Switches Imaging of Gene Expression High-Throughput Screening References Chapter 1.11 Adverse Reactions to Iodinated Contrast Media Introduction Acute General Adverse Reactions to Contrast Media Delayed General Adverse Reactions to Contrast Media Contrast Media-Induced Nephrotoxicity Contrast Media Interactions with Other Drugs and Clinical Tests Conclusion ReferencesPart II: General Imaging Applications Chapter 2.1 The Accuracy of Diagnostic Radiology Introduction Traditional Methods of Measuring Diagnostic Accuracy Signal Detection Theory Mammography Screening: Misses and False Alarms Mammography Screening: Radiologists and Pathologists Screening Mammography with Computer-Aided Detection (CAD) Conclusion References Chapter 2.2 Diffraction-Enhanced Imaging: Applications to Medicine Introduction Diffraction-Enhanced Imaging System Principles of Diffraction-Enhanced Imaging Diffraction-Enhanced Imaging Contrast Mechanisms Diffraction-Enhanced Imaging Contrast Mechanisms in Breast Cancer Specimens Diffraction-Enhanced Imaging Conventional Radiography: Comparison of Contrast Mechanisms in Breast Cancer Specimens References Chapter 2.3 Role of Imaging in Drug Development Introduction Drug Development Role of Imaging Technical Considerations Applications Discussion References Chapter 2.4 Characterization of Multiple Aspects of Tumor Physiology by Multitracer Positron Emission Tomography Introduction PET Tracers and Imaging Targets Complementary Value of Imaging Multiple Tracers Technical Challenges for Imaging Multiple Tracers The Future: Rapid Multitracer Positron Emission Tomography References Chapter 2.5 Whole-Body Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients with Metastases Introduction Methodology of Whole-Body Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinical Results of Whole-Body MRI for Tumor Staging References Chapter 2.6 Whole-Body Imaging in Oncology: Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (PET/CT) Introduction Technical Considerations Clinical Considerations References Chapter 2.7 Whole-Body Cancer Imaging: Simple Image Fusion with Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography Introduction Hardware and Software Fusion Fusion Technique for Cancer Imaging Advanced Fusion with Advanced Software References Chapter 2.8 Whole-Body Tumor Imaging: O-[11C] Methyl-L-Tyrosine/Positron Emission Tomography Introduction Development of O-[11C]Methyl-k-Tyrosine Whole-Body Tumor Imaging Using OMT Compared with FDG Brain Tumor Imaging Using OMT Compared with MET Conclusion References Chapter 2.9 Tumor Proliferation: 2-[11C]-Thymidine Positron Emission Tomography Introduction [11C]-Thymidine Positron Tomography Methodology Historical Development of Thymidine Positron Emission Tomography Validation Studies [11C]-MethyI-Thymidine 2-[11C]-Thymidine Validation of 2-[11C]-Thymidine Positron Emission Tomography in Patients Development and Application of Kinetic Models Kinetic Analysis of 2-[11C]-Thymidine Positron Emission Tomography Images Pharmacodynamic Studies Comparison of 2-[11C]-Thymidine with FDG-PET and Magnetic Resonance Imaging 2-[11C]-Thymidine PET to Detect Antitumor Activity in Clinical Drug Trials Discussion and Summary References Chapter 2.10 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography in Oncology: Advantages and Limitations Introduction Mechanisms of 18FDG Uptake 18SFDG PET Uptake Patterns Advantages of 18FDG PET Limitations of 18FDG PET Clinical Indications Acknowledgments References Chapter 2.11 Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of Tumor Hypoxia and Angiogenesis: Imaging Biology and Guiding Therapy Introduction Hypoxia-Induced Changes in Tumor Behavior Hypoxia-Inducible Factor (HIF) Angiogenesis Tumor Hypoxia and Clinical Outcome: New Approach to an Old Problem The Importance of Identifying Hypoxia in Tumors Methods to Evaluate Tumor Hypoxia Polarographic Electrode Measurements of Tissue Oxygenation Evaluating Angiogenesis Positron Emission Tomography (PET) in Hypoxia Imaging Summary Acknowledgments References Chapter 2.12 Noninvasive Determination of Angiogenesis: Molecular Targets and Tracer Development Introduction Possible Targets for Imaging Angiogenesis Summary and Conclusion

Dr. Hayat has published extensively in the fields of microscopy, cytology, immunohistochemistry, immunocytochemistry, and antigen retrieval methods. He is Distinguished Professor, Department of Biological Sciences, Kean University, Union, New Jersey, USA.