Building Global Security Through Cooperation Annals of Pugwash 1989

1989 was by any standards an extraordinary year: the year in which the Cold War ended. However, although much has changed, much remains unresolved or not changed at all. Even though the rationale for the huge military forces has been removed from the East-West relationship, these forces still retain a tremendous potential to do harm. Moreover, threats to peace may grow along North-South and South-South axes. An example of such a threat is the rapid growth in size and sophistication of military arsenals in the South. The contributions to this volume make it clear that the problems of East and West, North and South are inter- twined. Security can be gained only through cooperation. The contributors, who come from widely differing geographical, cultural and political backgrounds, all share the Pugwash tradition of scientific objectivity.

I Strategic Forces and Their Limitation.- Prospects for Strategic Offensive and Defensive Forces.- Reductions in Strategic Nuclear Warheads.- The Role of “Glasnost” in the Future of the Arms Race.- Accidental Nuclear War.- II European Security.- The Vienna Force Reduction Talks: Resolved and Unresolved Tasks.- Problems and Prospects for Negotiations on Short-Range Nuclear Forces.- The Ideological Dimension of European Security.- Non-Military Aspects of European Security.- III Chemical Weapons and Their Control.- Chemical Weapons — Destruction, Conversion or Endless Debate?.- Destruction of Chemical Weapons.- An International Scientific Methodology for Verification of Non-Production of Chemical Weapons.- The Chemical Weapons Convention: Particular Concerns of Developing Countries.- The Chemical Weapons Convention: A Different View.- IV Nuclear Weapons Proliferation and Testing.- The Non-Proliferation Treaty: Status of Implementation and the Threatening Developments.- Beyond Non-Proliferation.- The Linkage Between Non-Proliferation, Deterrence Policy, Nuclear Testing and the Arms Race.- V The Arms Trade and Regional Conflict.- Recent Patterns of Arms Trade and Regional Conflict.- The Arms Trade and Regional Conflict: Suppliers’ Policies and Behaviour and Their Consequences.- Socio-Economic Consequences of Arms Transfers.- Control of the Arms Trade as a Contribution to Conflict Prevention.- VI Role of United Nations and Multilateral Organizations in International Security.- The Role of the United Nations and Multilateral Organizations in International Security.- Regional Organizations and Their Contribution to International Security: The Case of ASEAN.- The Role of Regional Organizations in the Maintenance of Peace and Security in Latin America.- VII Energy —Environment — Development Interaction.- Lifestyles, Energy Choices and Development.- Broadening the Global Security Debate: Regional and Global Dialogues on Environmental Issues.- Development of Energy in China and Its Influence on the Environment.- VIII East-West and North-South Cooperation.- Trade and Finance: The Bitter Truth.- New Approaches to South-South Cooperation.- A Decade of Intended Cooperation in Science and Technology — The 1979 Vienna Programme of Action.- The Roles of Transnational Public and Private Mechanisms.- Appendices.- Pugwash Council: Statement on the 39th Pugwash Conference.- Statement of the Pugwash Executive Committee on the Fourth NPT Review Conference in 1990.- Acronyms.- Notes on the Contributors.