Broadening Our Knowledge on Cluster Evolution

Although clusters are regarded as important elements in economic development, the strong focus in the literature on the way clusters function is contrasted with a disregard for their evolutionary development: how clusters actually become clusters, how and why they decline, and how they shift into new fields and transform over time. Although recently new cluster life cycle approaches emerged, both empirical evidence and theoretical contributions on this topic are still limited. This book therefore contributes to broadening our knowledge on the life cycle and evolution of clusters both empirically and theoretically. It contains chapters on inter-firm relations as drivers of cluster transformation, as well as chapters on the heterogeneity of firms and firm capabilities during cluster evolution and on the role of institutions in stimulating the emergence and growth of clusters. Case-studies stem from different industries and technologies, such as biogas, film and television, new media and medical technologies, and from different countries, such as Sweden, Austria, Switzerland and South Korea. All chapters underline that cluster evolution does not only depend on internal dynamics, but that external relations are an integral part of cluster dynamics. This book was previously published as a special issue of European Planning Studies.

1. Broadening Our Knowledge on Cluster EvolutionDirk Fornahl, Robert Hassink and Max-Peter Menzel 2. Enterprise- and Industry-Level Drivers of Cluster Evolution and Their Outcomes for Clusters from Developed and Less-Developed CountriesMarta Gancarczyk 3. Born to be Sold: Start-ups as Products and New Territorial Life Cycles of Industrialization Christian Livi and Hugues Jeannerat 4. Adaptation and Change in Creative Clusters: Findings from Vienna’s New Media Sector Tanja Sinozic and Franz Tödtling 5. Creative Cluster Evolution: The Case of the Film and TV Industries in Seoul, South Korea Su-Hyun Berg 6. Institutional Context and Cluster Emergence: The Biogas Industry in Southern Sweden Hanna Martin and Lars Coenen 7. Perspectives on Cluster Evolution: Critical Review and Future Research IssuesMichaela Trippl, Markus Grillitsch, Arne Isaksen and Tanja Sinozic

Dirk Fornahl, Head of the Centre for Regional and Innovation Economics, University of Bremen, Germany Robert Hassink, Professor of Economic Geography at Kiel University, Germany, and Visiting Professor in the School of Geography, Politics & Sociology at Newcastle University, UK. Max-Peter Menzel, Junior Professor of Economic Geography, University of Hamburg, Germany, andInterim Professor of Economic Geography, University of Bayreuth, Germany