Biomedical Research, Medicine, and Disease

Biomedical research is the first step towards the creation of new medications and treatments that help to manage different types of health conditions and diseases. The prevention and cure of diseases would be practically impossible without such type of research. Although the drug discovery and development processes are far too costly, time-consuming, prone to failure, and have low success rate, today the term "translational research or medicine" seems to have become trendy, yet it is insufficient. The present book is a sincere attempt by dedicated researchers to convey the importance of translational biomedical research, medicine, and disease, primarily, basic and clinical difficulties in the translation of diagnostic measures, pharmaceutical advances, biomarkers, diagnostics, and therapeutics. This book is meant for researchers, scientists, healthcare professionals, industry, innovators, and students of biomedical sciences, as well as for those involved in the basic sciences, biochemistry, biotechnology, biophysics, and life sciences in general. The volume comprehensively covers: Emerging technologies for health care Various aspects of biomedical research toward understanding of pathophysiology of the diseases Advances in improvement in diagnostic procedures and therapeutic tools The fundamental role of biomedical research in the development of new medicinal products

Section 1: Advancement in Techniques in Biomedical Science Recent Advancements in Biomedical Sciences and Their Health Care Applications Reena Sharma, Mukesh Prasad, and Samir Mehndiratta Nanotechnology in Medicine: A Promising Future Rajni Lasyal, Nikhil Kirtipal, and R.C. Sobti How Flow Cytometers Work: An Introduction for Biomedical Scientists William Telford Multicolour Flow Cytometry and Panel Design Zosia Maciorowski Digital Watermarking Techniques for Medical Image Security Using the Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process Masood Ahmad, Rajeev Kumar, Alka Agrawal, Raees Ahmad Khan Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency: Concurrent Approaches and Scope of Regenerative Stem Cell Therapy and Blood Derivatives Pragya Shukla and Seemha Rai White Rot Exopolysaccharide: Avenues to Biomedical Applications Deepak K. Rahi, Sonu Rahi, and Ekta Chaudhary Section 2: Health, Disease, and Management Membrane Lipids from Cellular Barriers to Health and Homeostasis Sukesh Chander Sharma Childhood Cataract: A Clinico-Social Profile Deepak Jugran, Surabhi Khurana, Parul Chawla, and Jagat Ram Evidence-Based Practice in Neurodegenerative Disorders: Approaches and Challenges Mani Chopra, Sweety Mehra, Era Seth, Aitizaz Ul Ahsan, and R.C. Sobti Pragmatic Utilization of Technology in Dentistry: Current Status and Future Perspectives Jagat Bhushan, Ruchi Singla, Aastha Sobti, Swaty Jhamb, and Kratika Chauhan Stress Deregulates Memory Consolidation Through Epigentic Modifications Sukanya Tripathy and Anand Prakash The Management of Autism Spectrum Disorder: Challenges Ahead Priya Joon, Anil Kumar, and Milind Parle Genetics of Left Ventricular Dysfunction in Coronary Artery Disease Surendra Kumar, Avshesh Mishra, Anshika Srivastava, Rama Mittal, and Balraj Mittal 15. Genetics of Diabetic Nephropathy: A Review Gurvinder Singh, Priyanka Raina, and A.J.S. Bhanwer 16. Human Y Chromosome: Genetic Markers, Implications, and Pathologies Yogesh Thapen, Swarkar Sharma, Ekta Rai, and Vijay Kumar 17. Role of Repair Gene Polymorphism and Hypermethylation of GSTP Gene in the Risk of Prostate Cancer Jagdeep S. Deep, Sukhjeet Sidhu, and R.C. Sobti 18. Lymphatic Filariasis-Visceral Leishmaniasis Coinfection Vikas Kushwaha 19. Metabolic Dysregulation, Oncogenes, and Tumour Suppressors: A Highly Orchestrated Performance to Induce Carcinogenesis Mani Chopra, Era Seth, Sanchita Khurana, andR. C. Sobti 20. Transthyretin Cardiac Amyloidosis: Recent Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment Shreya Ghosh, Dibbendhu Khanra, andAshwani Kumar Thakur 21. Pathophysiology of Diabetes-Induced Foot Ulcers and Therapy Options Reena Badhwar, Harvinder Popli, Harpal S. Buttar, Vijay Bhalla, and Istvan G. Telessy 22. Current Challenges in Immunobiology of Autoimmunity and Cancer Kumari Anupam, Jyotsana Kaushal, Ankit Tandon, and Archana Bhatnagar 23. Human Papillomavirus (HPV): Molecular Epidemiology of Infection and its Associated Diseases Abhishek Pandeya, Raj Kumar Khalko, Bharti Kotarya, Hema, Jitendra Kumar Yadav, Sudipta Saha, Sunil Babu Gopiatala, and R.C. Sobti 24. Challenges of Multidrug Resistance Microbes on Public Health Ram Krishan Negi, Himani Khurana, Monika Sharma, Meghali Bharti, Tarana Negi, and Sonakshi Modeel 25. Role of Probiotics in the Prevention and Management of Obesity: What Have We Learned So Far? Tajpreet Kaur, Ashwani Kumar Sharma, Balbir Singh, Harpal Singh Buttar, and Amrit Pal Singh Section 3 Therapeutics and Novel Approaches 26. Protease Inhibitors of Marine Origin: Promising Anticancer and HIV Therapies Maushmi S. Kumar, Yashodhara Dalal, Sahil Khan, and Harpal S. Buttar 27. Skin Stem Cells: Therapeutic Potential in Vitiligo Harjot Kaur, Naveed Pervaiz, Ravinder Kumar, and Davinder Parsad 28. Interplay of Cancer Associated Fibroblasts (CAFs) and Tumour-Associated Macrophages (TAMs) in Metastasis and Their Potential for Therapeutic Interventions Indu Sharma and Anuradha Sharma 29. Lantibiotics: Strengthening Our Armor Against Antibiotic-Resistant Pathogens Shweta Kishen, Mangal Singh, and Dipti Sareen 30.Traditional Medicines for the Control of Leishmaniasis: Experimental Studies Jyoti Joshi, Rupinder Kaur, and Sukhbir Kaur 31. Metal-Embedded Complexes: Accelerated Antimicrobial Activity Against Microorganisms Preeti Garg, Gurpreet Kaur, and Ganga Ram Chaudhary Section 4 Drugs and Delivery Systems 32. Stem Cells: Emerging Novel Approaches to Drug Research and Disease Therapeutics Shiv Bharadwaj, Nikhil Kirtipal, Meena Bharti, and R.C. Sobti 33. Bioinformatics Review in miRNA System Biology and Drug Discovery Swati Srivastava, Ankita Sethia, and Vijay Laxmi Saxena 34. Biomaterial-Based Nanofibers for Drug Delivery Applications Sneha Anand, P.S. Rajinikanth, Prashant Pandey, Payal Deepak, Sunita Thakur, Dilip Kumar Arya, and Shweta Jaiswal 35. Threapeutic Translational Potential of Surface-Decorated Nanoparticles Nidhi Mishra, Raquibun Nisha, Ravi Raj, Pal Alka, Prem Singh, Neelu Singh, and Shubhini Saraf Section V: Nutra-Chemistry 36. Towards Developing Biofortified Food Crops for Enhancing Nutritional Aspects and Human Health Manu Priya and Harsh Nayyar 37. Production of Sesquiterpene Lactones in Family Asteraceae: Structure, Biosynthesis, and Applications Savita Bains, Vasundhara Thakur, Kashmir Singh, and Ravneet Kaur 38. Multiple Therapeutic Applications of Pomegranate Fruit and its Bioactive Phytochemicals in Health and Disease Mostafa Gouda, Laila Hussein, Douglas W. Wilson, and Harpal S. Buttar

Ranbir Chander Sobti, former Vice-Chancellor Panjab University, Chandigarh & Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (Central University), Lucknow is a scientist, an able administrator, and dynamic institution builder. He has published more than 350 papers in journals of national and international repute such as Mutation Research, Carcinogenesis, Archives of Toxicology, Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics, Molecular Cell Biochemistry, and PLOS One to name a few. He has also published more than 50 books by international publishers such as Springer, Academic Press, CRC, Elsevier, and others. He is Fellow of the Third World Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Sciences India, Indian National Science Academy, National Academy of Medical Sciences, National Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Canadian Academy of Cardiovascular Diseases, and a few others. He was the General President of the Indian Science Congress Association for the 102nd session, held at University of Jammu in 2013. He is the recipient of many prestigious awards, such as the INSA Young Scientist Medal, UGC Career Award, Punjab Rattan Award, JC Bose Oration and Sriram Oration Awards, and Lifetime Achievement Awards of the Punjab Academy of Sciences, Zoological Society of India, and the Environment Academy of India, besides many other medals and awards of national and international levels. He was awarded Padmashri, the third highest civilian award by the Government of India in 2009 for his contributions to the cause of education. He has widely travelled across the globle. Dr. Sobti, an active researcher, is also steadfastly committed to the popularization of science in the community through popular lectures and community engagement programs. Aastha Sobti has a master’s degree in clinical dentistry and oro-facial surgery (UK) and works in the field of head and neck cancers using her intellect and her background in oral and maxillofacial surgery to bring reforms that are required in the present multifarious surgical and research areas. She has seven years of teaching and research experience and has published a number of papers in reputed journals. She has been awarded a number of prizes and medals for her exceptional work. She has attended and presented papers in international conferences in Croatia, Brazil, Canada, USA, Japan, Switzerland, and other countries.