Part 1: Introduction 1. Microorganisms Associated with Food FermentationSpiros Paramithiotis2. Bioactive Compounds in Fermented Foods Swati Sharma, Srichandan Padhi, Megha Kumari, Amit Kumar Rai and Dinabandhu SahooPart 2: Health Promoting Components in Fermented Foods 3. Polyphenols in Fermented Foods and Their Potential Health Benefits E. Sener-Aslay and Z. Tacer-Caba 4. Bioactive Peptides in Fermented Food Products: Production and Functionality Sanjukta Samurailatpam, Reena Kumari, Dinabandhu Sahoo and Amit Kumar Rai 5. Fibrinolytic Enzymes in Fermented Food Products Yogesh Devaraj and Prakash M. Halami 6. Production of Antihypertensive Peptides during Food Fermentation Brij Pal Singh, Harsh Panwar, Bharat Bhushan and Vijay Kumar 7. Exopolysaccharides in Fermented Foods and Their Potential Health Benefits Maria Antonia Pedrine Colabone Celligoi, Gabrielly Terassi Bersanetti, Cristiani Baldo, Reginara Teixeira da Silva and Victoria Akemi Itakura Silveira 8. Impact of Fermentation on Antinutritional Factors Minna Kahala, Sari Mäkinen and Anne Pihlanto 9. Prebiotics, Probiotics and Synbiotics: A New Integrated Approach in Functional Foods Yogita Lugani, Balwinder Singh Sooch and Sachin Kumar Part 3: Traditional Fermented Products and Health Benefits 10. Fermented Soybean Products and Their Health Benefits Buddhiman Tamang, Lalit Kumar Chaurasia, Kriti Ghatani and Ranjan Kaushal Tirwa 11. Health Benefits of Fermented Alcoholic Beverages Gabriela Rios-Corripio, Paola Hernández-Carranza, Irving Israel Ruiz-López, José Ángel Guerrero-Beltrán, Carlos Enrique Ochoa-Velasco 12. Fermented Milk Products and Their Potential Health Benefits S.V.N. Vijayendra 13. Bioactive Compounds in Fermented Fish and Meat Products: Health Aspects Sri Charan Bindu Bavisetty, Soottawat Benjakul, Oladipupo Odunayo Olatunde and Ali Muhammed Moula Ali Part 4: Recent Advances in Food Fermentation 14. Microbial Transformation during Gut Fermentation Rounak Chourasia, Loreni Chiring Phukon, Md Minhajul Abedin, Dinabandhu Sahoo and Amit Kumar Rai