Apples Preharvest and Postharvest Technology

Dueto polymorphism, apples have extraordinary diversity. Depending onvariety, apple fruits can differ in color, shadeor size; apples even can be oval or pear-shaped. There are more than 10,000 varieties of apple, which vary in taste, shape, juiciness, texture, color, firmness and other qualities. For these reasons, apples have been diversely studied,and many improvements have been madesuch as theintroduction of high density cropping; rootstock breeding; or varietal development. Therefore it is important to understand and document the productionmethods adopted and implemented in recenttimes for harvestingmaximumbenefits of the crop. Apples: Preharvestand Postharvest Technologydocumentsproduction practicesalong with detailed illustration on varieties, rootstocks, important cultural practices and post-harvest management. This book willserve as a complete guide for apple production from farm to fork and will help students, scholars, researchers and scientists working in this domain. The book will also help growers all over the world to understand best practices for apple production, to harvest maximum yields, and in turn, to increase their returns.

Chapter 1. History, Distribution, Production & Taxonomic classification. Shumaila Khan, Muhammad Zafar Iqbal, Adnan Bodhla, Tabish Jehan Been Chapter 2. Orchard planning, establishment and soil management. Suheel Ahmad, Ab. Raouf Malik, Shoaib Kirmani, Sajad-un-Nabi, M. Abas Shah, Mumtaz A Ganaie and Rafiya Mushtaq Chapter 3. Recent advances in varietal improvement and rootstock breeding. Tabish Jehan Been, M. A. Mir, Ab. Raouf Malik, Iftisam Yaseen, Mahrukh Mir, Rafiya Mushtaq Chapter 4. Advances in Propagation and nursery management- Methods and Techniques. Ab Waheed Wani,Suhail Fayaz, Afiya Khursheed, Archi Gupta, G I Hassan, Iftisam Yaseen, Rajni Rajan, Shahid Qayoom, Irfan Gani and Smruthi Jayarajan Chapter 5. High density planting. Shazia Hassan, Mohammed Tauseef Ali, Ab Raouf Malik, Rafiya Mushtaq, Shamim A. Simnani and Khalid Mushtaq Chapter 6. Flowering, Fruit set and Pollination. Amardeep Kaur, Rifat Bhat, Chetak Bishnoi and Navjot Gupta Chapter 7. Regulation of Form-Training and pruning. Mohammadebrahim Nasrabadi, MojtabaKordrostami, Ali Akbar Ghasemi-Soloklui, Mehdi Grarazhian, Ali Gharaghani Chapter 8. Parthenocarpy, Unfruitfulness and Alternate bearing. M. K. Sharma, E. A. Parray, N. Nazir, A. Khalil and Shamim A. Simnani Chapter 9. New Orchard Cultural Practices Irrigation, Fertigation and Weed Management. Rafiya Mushtaq, Insha Majid, Shaila Din, Ab Raouf Malik, M. K. Sharma, Suheel Ahmad and Tabish Jahan Been Chapter 10. Nutrition and Orchard manuring practices. Mumtaz A. Ganie, Ab Shakoor Khanday, Aabid H. Lone, Yasir Hanif Mir, Aanisa Manzoor Shah, Suheel Ahmad and Ab. Raouf Malik Chapter 11. Organic apple production and prospects. Rajni Rajan, M Feza Ahmad, Jatinder Singh and Kuldeep Pandey and Ab Waheed Wani Chapter 12. Major Diseases of Apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) and Their Management. Rovidha S. Rasool, Deelak Amin, Sumaira-Hamid, Asha Nabi, Sana B. Surma, Moin Qureshi, Bilal, A. Padder, Nazir A. Ganai and Mehraj D. Shah Chapter 13. Major Insect Pests and Physiological Disorders of Apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) and Their Management. Deelak Amin, Rovidha S. Rasool, Sumaira-Hamid, Asha Nabi, Rafiya Mushtaq, Nazir A. Ganai and Mehraj D. Shah Chapter 14. Recent Development in Harvesting and Post-Harvest Management of Apples. Nusrat Jan, Gousia Gani, Haamiyah Sidiq, Sajad Mohd Wani and Syed Zameer Hussain Chapter 15. Emerging Packaging & Storage technologies of apples. Aftab Ahmed, Farhan Saeed, Muhammad Afzaal, Shinawar Waseem Ali and Ali Imran Chapter 16. Innovative apple processing technologies. Muhammad Aamir, Muhammad Afzaal, Farhan Saeed, Ifrah Usman and Iqra Ashfaq Chapter 17. Effect of pre & postharvest processing technologies on bioactive compounds of apple. Jessica Pandohee, Sajad Ahmad Wani, Shafiya Rafiq and Basharat N. Dar Chapter 18. Apple & apple products: Properties & Health Benefits. Asif Ahmad and Chamman Liaqat Chapter 19. Utilization of apple by products: Peels, Seeds & Pomace. Farhan Saeed, Faqir Muhammad Anjum, Muhammad Afzaal, Bushra Niaz, Huda Ateeq and Muzzamal Hussain Chapter 20. Current world apple trade and market trends. S. A. Wani, Farheen Naqash and Fehim J. Wani Index

Dr. Rafiya Mushtaq is PhD in Fruit Science from SKUAST-Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, India. Her research focuses on high density apple plantations and has been awarded India’s Prestigious Fellowship "Prime Minister’s Fellowship for Doctoral Research" for her Ph.D. research. She is currently a Senior Project Associate at SKUAST-Kashmir. Dr. Rafiya has authored/co-authored 20 plus research articles, 10 book chapters. She has presented her research work at many national and international conferences including the conference by ISHS and has won many best presentation awards. She has also been awarded the DST-ITS award for presenting her Ph.D. work at the international conference held by the reputed International Society of Horticultural Science. Dr. Rafiya has received many awards including the best innovative award, Excellence in research award, appreciation for innovation by Western Sydney University, Australia, and NIDHI Prayas Grant award by the Department of Science and Technology, Govt of India. Her scientific interests include fruit physiology, molecular breeding, and metabolomic and transcriptomic studies in fruit crops. Dr. Gulzar Ahmad Nayik completed his Master’s Degree in Food Technology from Islamic University of Science & Technology, Awantipora, Jammu and Kashmir, India, and PhD from Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering & Technology, Sangrur, Punjab, India. He has published over 63 peer-reviewed research and review papers, and 31 book chapters, and edited eight books with Springer, Elsevier and Taylor & Francis. Dr. Nayik has also published a textbook on Food Chemistry & Nutrition and has delivered several presentations at various national and international conferences, seminars, workshops, and webinars. Dr. Nayik was shortlisted twice for the prestigious Inspire-Faculty Award in 2017 and 2018 from Indian National Science Academy, New Delhi, India. He was nominated for India’s prestigious National Award (Indian National Science Academy Medal for Young Scientists-2019-20). Dr. Nayik also fills the roles of editor, associate editor, assistant editor & reviewer for many food science and technology journals. He has received many awards, appreciations, and recognitions and holds membership in various International societies & organizations. Dr. Nayik is currently editing several book projects with Elsevier, Taylor & Francis, Springer Nature, Royal Society of Chemistry, etc. Dr. Ab Raouf Malik PhD in Fruit science, is currently Assistant Professor in Division of Fruit Science, Faculty of Horticulture, SKUAST-Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, India, He has started his career as Senior Research Fellow at Central Institute of Temperate Horticulture and has also served as Assistant Floriculture Officer in Department of Floriculture, Govt. of J&K. His research focusses on the development of new and improved cultivars in apple and other fruit crops through various approaches including mutation breeding. He has also worked on fruit nutrition and high density plantation and has published his research in many national and international reputed journals. He has also presented his work in many conference proceedings. He is currently the Coordinator and PI of many multi-institutional funded projects focussing on the creation of modern orcharding systems in apple, walnut, and other fruit crops. Dr. Malik has demonstrated many technologies like rejuvenation of apple orchards, high density apple plantations, etc. through his projects which have enhanced the livelihood of many farmers with more than 50 success stories. Dr. Malik has received many awards including the best innovator award among others.