advanced very high resolution radiometer AVHRR

Since the launch of the first of the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometers (AVHRRs) in 1978, the data from these instruments has used for a wide range of non-meteorological applications. In this book, the author describes satellite system, AVHRRs, control of the spacecraft, and data- recovery arrangements. The book covers processing of the data to extract useful environmental information. The applications of the data to marine problems, based primarily on the study of sea-surface temperatures from the thermal-infrared channels of the instrument, are considered, as well as the study of vegetation and a whole variety of other land-based and hydrological applications.

The spacecraft and instrumentsMeterological satellitesThe Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR)The ARGOS data collection and platform location systemThe TIROS Operational Vertical Sounder (TOVS) systemThe future of the AVHRR The dataData structure and formatCalibration of the AVHRR dataSchedulingNOAA's archival and data distributionDirect readout stations Pre- processingGeoreferencing/geolocation/geometrical rectificationCloud detection techniquesAtmospheric corrections Earth surface temperaturesSatellite oceanographySea surface temperaturesOcean circulationLand surface temperatures VegetationBackgroundVegetation indicesScaleCalculating the NDVIClassification and phenologyEvapotransipation, fire risk and semi-arid areasDirectional effectsNormalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and microwave polarization difference temperature (MPDT)The study of sub-IFOV size objects Channel 3, the neglected channelIntroductionSmall intense sources of heatApplicationsSnow and iceWater body boundary mapping; bathymetryWater quality mappingFisheriesAtmospheric aerosolsPrecipitation and water resourcesGeological studiesSunglint and near-surface windspeedsClimatology

Arthur Cracknell graduated in physics from Cambridge University in 1961 and then did his DPhil at Oxford University on "Some band structure calculations for metals". He worked as a lecturer in physics at Singapore University (now the National University of Singapore) from 1964-1967 and at Essex University from 1967-1970, before moving to Dundee University in 1970, where he became a professor in 1978. He retired from Dundee University in 2002 and now holds the title of emeritus professor there. He is a Fellow of the Institute of Physics (UK), a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (Scotland) and a Fellow of the Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry Society (UK). He is currently working on various short-term contracts in several universities and research institutes in China and Malaysia.After several years of research work on the study of group-theoretical techniques in solid state physics, in the late 1970s Dr. Cracknell turned his research interests, to remote sensing and has been the editor of the International Journal of Remote Sensing since the 1980s. His particular research interests include the extraction of the values of various geophysical parameters from satellite data and the correction of remotely-sensed images for atmospheric effects. He and his colleagues and research students have published more than 250 research papers and he is the author or co-author of several books, both on theoretical solid state physics and on remote sensing. He also pioneered the MSc course in remote sensing at Dundee University, which has now been running since the 1980s. His latest books include The Advanced very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) (Taylor and Francis, 1997), Visible Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite: A new operational cloud imager written with Keith Hutchison (CRC Taylor and Francis, 2006) and a second edition of Introduction to Remote Sensing written with Ladson Hayes (CRC Taylor and Francis, 200