A Compendium of Medieval World Sovereigns

The Compendium of World Sovereigns series contains three volumes: Ancient, Medieval, and Early Modern. These volumes provide students with easy-to-access ‘who’s who’ with details on the identities and dates, ages and wives, where known, of heads of government in any given state at any time within the framework of reference. The relevant original and secondary sources are also listed in a comprehensive bibliography. The text provides a clear reference guide for students to who was who and when they ruled in the dynasties and other ruler-lists for the Ancient, Medieval, and Early Modern worlds – primarily European and Middle Eastern but including available information on Africa and Asia and the pre-Columbian Americas. The trilogy accesses and interprets the original data plus any modern controversies and disputes over names and dating, reflecting on the shifts in and widening of focus in student and academic studies. Each volume contains league tables of rulers’ ‘records’, and an extensive bibliographical guide to the relevant personnel and dynasties, plus any controversies, so readers can consult these for extra details and know exactly where to go for which information. All relevant information is collected and provided as a one-stop-shop for students wishing to check the known information about a world Sovereign. The Medieval volume begins with the Byzantine Empire and moves through the Crusader States, the Islamic World, South and East Asia, Africa, the Mediterranean, and lastly Western and Eastern Europe. Compendium of World Sovereigns: Volume II Medieval provides students and scholars with the perfect reference guide to support their studies and to fact check dates, people, and places.

PREFACE SECTION ONE. THE BYZANTINE WORLD Eastern Roman/ Byzantine Empire to 1204. Latin Empire Empire of Nicaea Despotate of Epirus Empire of Trebizond Latin principalities of Achaea Duchy of Athens County of Cephallonia Duchy of Naxos Eastern Roman/ Byzantine Empire after 1261. Despotate of the Morea and other Late Byzantine sub-states. Eastern Roman/Byzantine Empresses. Crusader States: Kingdom of Jerusalem Antioch Tripoli Edessa Cyprus Cilician Armenia Armenia and Georgia. SECTION TWO: THE ISLAMIC WORLD Caliphs: C7th heirs of the Prophet, then Ummayads and Abbasids. Fatimid Caliphate of Tunisia and Egypt (Christian states of upper Egypt/ Nubia: Makuria and Dongola) Khorasan: Tahirids, Saffarids, Samanids Egypt; Tulunids and Ikshidids. Iran: Buyids. Syria: Hamdanids, Mirdasids, Uqaylids. Azerbaijan: Sa’dids. Aghlabids of Tunisia Ummayad emirate and Caliphate of Al-Andalus, Spain Successor-states in C11th Al-Andalus. Seljuks: Iran; Konya/ Anatolia. Syria: Zengids Ayyubids of Egypt and Syria Central Asia/ Afghanistan: Khwarezm, Ghaznavids. Yemen Sicily; Majorca. Morocco Maghreb: Almoravids, Almohads. Tunisia: Hafsids, Zirids, Wattasids. Mongols: Great Khans (with Yuan of China) Iran: Ilkhans Golden Horde and other Central Asian Mongol states Jagatai Khans; Timurids; Qaraqanids. Late Medieval Anatolia: Dhu’l Qadir; Karamanids; Germiyan; Aydin; Sarukhan; Menteshe; Kastamonu; Kara Koyunlu; Ak Koyunlu. Ottoman Sultanate SECTION THREE: ASIA AND AFRICA Medieval India: Hindu and Moslem states Burma Thailand Khmer states Vietnam Dynasties of China: T’ang to Ming Korea Japan Ethiopia The Sahel: Kanem/ Bornu; Ghana, Mali and Songhai Nigeria: Hausa states Central Africa SECTION FOUR: THE BRITISH ISLES Britain : Anglo-Saxon England England after 1066 Wales: Gwynedd, Powys, Dyfed/ Deheubarth, Gwent, Brycheiniog (Brecon). Early Scotland: Picts, Dal Riada/Scots, Strathclyde. Medieval Scotland from 844 Jarldom of Orkney Lords of the Isles/ Hebrides Kingdom of Man Ireland: High Kings Ulster; Leinster; Munster; Connacht; Viking Dublin. SECTION FIVE: EUROPE, PART ONE, WEST. Francia; Merovingians, Carolingians Medieval France: Kings ; Brittany, Normandy, Anjou, Blois, Champagne, Artois, Boulogne, Flanders, Lorraine, Alencon, Burgundy/ Arles; Aquitaine; Toulouse; Bearn; Foix; Provence; Vienne; Franche-Comte. Spain: Barcelona; Suevi; Visigoths; Asturias/ Leon; Leon and Castile; Aragon; Navarre. Portugal SECTION SIX: EUROPE, CENTRE, SOUTH AND NORTH. Hungary Low Countries: Brabant, Holland, Hainault. Holy Roman Empire: Emperors. Bavaria; Saxony; Palatinate; Hesse and Thuringia; Baden; Wurtemmberg; Mecklenberg; Brandenburg; Brunswick and Luneburg; Julich and Cleves; Austria. Poland; Lithuania; Silesia. Bohemia Serbia; Bulgaria. Vandal Africa. Burgundians Italy: Ostrogoths; Lombards; Venice; Savoy/ Piedmont; Montferrat; Milan; Modena; Mantua; Florence; Popes; Naples and Sicily. Denmark; Norway; Sweden. Russia: Grand Princes of Kiev/ Kiyev. Chernigov; Smolensk; Ryazan; Galicia; Vladimir-Suzdal; Novgorod; Rostov; Yaroslavl; Tver; Moscow. INDEX

Timothy Venning is an independent scholar and researcher and formerly worked on the Oxford New Dictionary of National Biography. His previous books include A Chronology of the Crusades (2015) and A Chronology of Early Medieval Western Europe (2017).