Quantum Machines: Measurement and Control of Engineered Quantum Systems

NOTE EDITORE

This book gathers the lecture notes of courses given at the 2011 summer school in theoretical physics in Les Houches, France, Session XCVI. What is a quantum machine? Can we say that lasers and transistors are quantum machines? After all, physicists advertise these devices as the two main spin-offs of the understanding of quantum mechanical phenomena. However, while quantum mechanics must be used to predict the wavelength of a laser and the operation voltage of a transistor, it does not intervene at the level of the signals processed by these systems. Signals involve macroscopic collective variables like voltages and currents in a circuit or the amplitude of the oscillating electric field in an electromagnetic cavity resonator. In a true quantum machine, the signal collective variables, which both inform the outside on the state of the machine and receive controlling instructions, must themselves be treated as quantum operators, just as the position of the electron in a hydrogen atom. Quantum superconducting circuits, quantum dots, and quantum nanomechanical resonators satisfy the definition of quantum machines. These mesoscopic systems exhibit a few collective dynamical variables, whose fluctuations are well in the quantum regime and whose measurement is essentially limited in precision by the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. Other engineered quantum systems based on natural, rather than artificial degrees of freedom can also qualify as quantum machines: trapped ions, single Rydberg atoms in superconducting cavities, and lattices of ultracold atoms. This book provides the basic knowledge needed to understand and investigate the physics of these novel systems.

SOMMARIO

1 - Real-time feedback control of quantum optical input-output systems2 - Quantum noise and quantum measurement3 - Circuit QED: Superconducting qubits coupled to microwave photons4 - Quantum logic gates in superconducting qubits5 - Exploring quantum matter with ultracold atoms6 - Readout of superconducting qubits7 - Quantum error correction8 - Quantum optomechanics9 - Micromechanics and superconducting circuits10 - Two electron spin qubits in GaAs: Control and dephasing due to nuclear spins11 - Exploring the quantum world with photons trapped in cavities and Rydberg atoms12 - SQUID amplifiers13 - Quantum information science: Experimental implementation with trapped ions14 - An introduction to laser cooling optomechanical systems15 - Tomography schemes for characterizing itinerant microwave photon fields16 - Using a "friction-less" pendulum for quantum measurement17 - Quantum Bayesian approach to circuit QED measurement18 - Superconducting quantum circuits: Artificial atoms coupled to 1D modes19 - A superconducting artificial atom with two internal degrees of freedom

AUTORE

Michel H. Devoret: Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA Collège de France, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, Paris, France ; Benjamin Huard: Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain, CNRS, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris, France ; Robert Schoelkopf: Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA ; Leticia F. Cugliandolo: Laboratoire de Physique Theorique et Hautes Energies Universite Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6, Paris, France

ALTRE INFORMAZIONI

• Condizione: Nuovo
• ISBN: 9780199681181
• Collana: Lecture Notes of the Les Houches Summer School
• Dimensioni: 248 x 37.1 x 176 mm Ø 1352 gr
• Formato: Copertina rigida
• Illustration Notes: 202 b/w illustrations
• Pagine Arabe: 602