Ultrasound and Endoscopic Surgery in Obstetrics and Gynaecology A Combined Approach to Diagnosis and Treatment

This is a unique book in that it brings together the two key investigative techniques in Gynaecology and Obstetrics, namely ultrasound and endoscopy. So often in the past they were regarded by their exponents as rival techniques but it is now recognised that they are complementary to each other. Consequently future trainees in endoscopy should become efficient in transvaginal sonography and vice versa. Ultrasound can be used to study the morphology of the pelvic organs such as the endometrium, myometrium and ovaries, and being non-invasive, safe and convenient can be repeated as often as is deemed necessary to monitor changes over time; for example in the investigation of the infertile woman the development of the dominant follicle, the maturation of the endometrium and the formation of the corpus luteum can be documented throughout the menstrual cycle while growth of ovarian cysts can be precisely measured to determine the need for surgery. A seldom-mentioned strength of the ultrasound examination is its interactive quality, for example by performing abdominal palpation during the scan, the mobility of the uterus and ovaries can be assessed. Also the images as they appear can be shown to the patient to aid understanding. Ultrasound can also determine function and the use of Doppler has been used for example to access endometrial receptivity, follicular maturity and the likelihood of malignancy in the endometrium or ovary.

Part I: Menorrhagia Ultrasound and Menorrhagia Role of Hysteroscopy Hysteroscopic Fibroid Resection Transcervical Resection of the Endometrium: Results and Complications Laparoscopic Subtotal Hysterectomy Vaginal Hysterectomy Laparoscopic Myomectomy Part II: The Postmenopausal Endometrium Postmenopausal Bleeding: Ultrasound and Hydrosonography versus Hysteroscopy Endometrial Sampling Techniques Monitoring Hormone Replacement Therapy Endometrial Surveillance of Tamoxifen Patients Part III: Endometrial Cancer Ultrasound Staging of Endometrial Cancer Laparoscopy in Patients with Endometrial Cancer Part IV: Urogynaecology Anal Endosonography and Incontinence Laparoscopic Treatment of Uterine and Vault Prolapse Enterocele Repair Endoscopic Needle Suspensions Laparoscopic Sacral Colpopexy and Sacrospinous Fixation Laparoscopic Colposuspension Laparoscopic Suburethral Sling Procedure Part V: Ovarian Masses The Use of Ultrasound to Assess the Morphology of Ovarian Tumours Colour Doppler Statistical Models Treatment of Adnexal Masses and Laparoscopy Second-look Laparoscopy in Patients with Ovarian Cancer Part VI: Endometriosis Ultrasound Characteristics of Endometriosis The Ovarian Endometrioma: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Surgery Endometriosis is a surgical Disease Appendix: the revised AFS classification of endometriosis Part VII: Disorders of Ovarian Function and Subfertility Amenorrhoea, PCO Syndrome and Tubal Pathology The Assessment of Tubal Patency: HyCoSy Laparoscopic Treatment of Tubal Infectious Disease 3D Ultrasound in the Diagnosis of Congenital Abnormalities The Role of Endoscopy in Congenital Abnormalities: Diagnosis and Treatment Appendix: classification of congenital abnormalities Part VIII: Early Pregnancy Complications Early Pregnancy Failure Ultrasound Diagnosis and Management of Miscarriage Ultrasound Diagnosis and Management of Pregnancy of Unknown Location and Ectopic Pregnancy Systemic and Local Therapy of Ectopic Pregnancy The laparoscopic Approach of Ectopic Pregnancy Part IX: Early Prenatal Diagnosis and Obstetric Endoscopy Nuchal Translucency and Early Diagnosis of Congenital Anomalies Early Amniocentesis Coelocentesis Chorion Villus Sampling in the First Trimester Obstetric Endoscopy