Treatment of Contaminated Soil Fundamentals, Analysis, Applications

Newly developed and innovative methods are mentioned and outlined so that the book can be used as a source of information for scientists and professionals specialised in the treatment of soils as well as for students in courses of environmental studies. The book offers a short, compressed overview of the important features of this subject and can be used as a reference book of the state of the art. The appendix offers the interested reader a detailed survey of materials, test methods and apparatuses as well as a description of analytical directions and processes.

1 Introduction.- Fundamental Aspects.- 2 Hazardous Waste Contaminated Sites and Soil Awareness — Some Social Observations.- 3 Do Contaminated Soils Have to Be Decontaminated?.- 4 An Overview of Soil and Sediment Treatment Research in the Netherlands.- Chemical Analysis of Contaminated Soils.- 5 How Much Analytical Work Do We Need?.- 6 Methods for the Determination of Mineral Oil Hydrocarbons in Soil Materials for the Evaluation of Remediation Measures.- 7 Determination of the TPH- and PAH-Content of Mineral Oil Contaminated Soils by Thin-Layer Chromatography.- 8 Solid State NMR Spectroscopy Using 13C-Labelled PAH.- 9 Syntheses of 13C-Labelled Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds.- 10 Field Analytical Techniques for the Analysis of Contaminated Soil.- Ecotoxicological Assessment of Soils.- 11 Advances in Biological Assessment of Chemical-Impacted Soils.- 12 Ecotoxicological Assessment of Soils — Bioavailability from an Ecotoxicological Point of View.- Bioremediation.- 13 Bioavailability — the Key Factor of Soil Bioremediation.- 14 Bioavailability of Organic Compounds Sequestered in Soils.- 15 Bacterial Strategies to Improve the Bioavailability of Hydrophobic Organic Pollutants.- 16 Formation of Residues of Organic Pollutants Within the Soil Matrix — Mechanisms and Stability.- 17 The Significance of Bound Residues in the Bioremediation Process of PAH Contaminated Sites.- 18 Humification of PAH and TNT During Bioremediation — Evaluation of Long Term Risk and Sustainability.- 19 Humification as a Remediation Strategy for TNT Contaminations: Applications and Limitations.- 20 Strategies to Improve PAH Bioavailability: Addition of Surfactants, Ozonation and Application of Ultrasound.- 21 Bioaugmentation: Advantages and Problems Using Micro Organisms with Special Abilitiesin Soil Decontamination.- 22 Optimisation of Microbial Soil Treatment.- 23 Carbon Balance and Modelling of Oil Degradation in Soil Bioreactors.- 24 Degradation of Xenobiotics at Elevated Temperatures.- 25 Influence of Oil-Contamination on N-Mineralisation in Soils.- 26 Development and Application of an Oxygen-Controlled High-Pressure Aeration System for the Treatment of TPH-Contaminated Soils in High Bio-piles (a Case Study).- Physical Treatment.- 27 Remediation of Soils by Washing Processes — an Historical Overview.- 28 Ways to Improve the Efficiency of Soil Washing.- 29 New Developments in Soil Washing Technology.- 30 Clean-Up and Assessment of Metal Contaminated Soils.- 31 Supercritical Water and Supercritical Carbon Dioxide for Cleaning of Soil Material.- 32 Application of the Physical-Chemical Desorption Technology for Soil Decontamination.- 33 Elimination of Hazardous Components from Fine-Grained Particles and Sludges by the Application of the Steam Stripping Process.- 34 Degradation of Chlorinated Arenes by Electroreduction.- Natural Attenuation.- 35 Natural Attenuation — Non-Destructive Processes.- 36 Natural Attenuation as an Approach to Remediation of Groundwater Pollution at Landfills.- 37 Natural Attenuation of Inorganic Pollutants — A Critical View.- Append.- 38 Determination of Mineral Oil Hydrocarbons by Means of Thin-Layer Chromatography — Analytical Directions.- 39 Determination of the PAH-Content in Soils by HPTLC — Analytical Directions.- 40 Determination of the Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon Content in Soils by Gas- Chromatography.- 41 Application of Test Systems for a Balance-Based Examination of Biodegradation of Contaminants in Soil.- 42 Electroreduction.