Introduction (Brian P. McCall); 1. Econometric methods for education (Luc Behaghel and Maria Florencia Pinto); 2. Early childhood education in the United States: what, when, where, who, how, and why (Elizabeth U. Cascio); 3. Nearly three decades into the charter school movement, what has research told us about charter schools? (Ron Zimmer, Richard Buddin, Sarah Ausmus Smith, and Danielle Duffy-Chipman); 4. School accountability (Jason Burns and Katharine O. Strunk); 5. Evaluating teacher effectiveness: a review of historical developments and current trends (Christopher D. Brooks and Matthew G. Springer); 6. Is education different? A review of the voucher literature and lessons for implementation (Dennis Epple, Richard E. Romano, and Miguel Urquiola); 7. Teacher labor markets: what have we learned over the last decade? (Jessalynn James and James Wyckoff); 8. Teacher labor markets in developing countries (Lee Crawfurd and Todd Pugatch); 9. School resources and educational outcomes in developing countries (Paul Glewwe, Celestine Siameh, Bixuan Sun, and Suzanne Wisniewski); 10. Peer effects in education (Angela Cools and Eleonora Patacchini); 11. Socioeconomic inequalities in education beyond the early years (Claire Crawford, Lindsey Macmillan, and Gill Wyness); 12. Factors shaping college investment and enrollment gaps (George Bulman and Jesse Cunha); 13. Vocational education: an international perspective (Celeste K. Carruthers and Christopher Jepsen); 14. College persistence and bachelor’s degree completion (Brian P. McCall); 15. College majors (Arpita Patnaik, Matthew Wiswall, and Basit Zafar); 16. Student loan borrowing and repayment decisions: risks and contingencies (Kartik Athreya, Christopher Herrington, Felicia Ionescu, and Urvi Neelakantan); 17. For-profit colleges in the United States: insights from two decades of research (Stephanie Riegg Cellini); 18. Competition in higher education (Michael Kaganovich, Sinan Sarpca, and Xuejuan Su); 19. Education and economic growth (Anna Valero)