The Routledge Companion to Social Media and Politics

Social media are now widely used for political protests, campaigns, and communication in developed and developing nations, but available research has not yet paid sufficient attention to experiences beyond the US and UK. This collection tackles this imbalance head-on, compiling cutting-edge research across six continents to provide a comprehensive, global, up-to-date review of recent political uses of social media. Drawing together empirical analyses of the use of social media by political movements and in national and regional elections and referenda, The Routledge Companion to Social Media and Politics presents studies ranging from Anonymous and the Arab Spring to the Greek Aganaktismenoi, and from South Korean presidential elections to the Scottish independence referendum. The book is framed by a selection of keystone theoretical contributions, evaluating and updating existing frameworks for the social media age.

IntroductionAxel Bruns, Gunn Enli, Eli Skogerbø, Anders Olof Larsson, and Christian Christensen PART I: THEORIES OF SOCIAL MEDIA AND POLITICS Politics in the Age of Hybrid Media: Power, Systems, and Media LogicsAndrew Chadwick, James Dennis, and Amy P. Smith Network Media Logic: Some Conceptual ConsiderationsUlrike Klinger and Jakob Svensson Where There Is Social Media There Is PoliticsKarine Nahon Is Habermas on Twitter? Social Media and the Public SphereAxel Bruns and Tim Highfield Third Space, Social Media and Everyday Political TalkTodd Graham, Scott Wright, and Dan Jackson Tipping the Balance of Power: Social Media and the Transformation of Political JournalismMarcel Broersma and Todd Graham Agenda-Setting Revisited: Social Media in Mainstream JournalismEli Skogerbø, Axel Bruns, Andrew Quodling, and Thomas Ingebretsen "Trust Me, I Am Authentic!": Authenticity Illusions in Social Media PoliticsGunn Enli How to Speak the Truth on Social Media: An Inquiry into Post-Dialectical Information EnvironmentsMercedes Bunz PART II: POLITICAL MOVEMENTS All Politics Is Local: Anonymous and the Steubenville/Maryville Rape CasesChristian Christensen Social Media Accounts of the Spanish IndignadosCamilo Cristancho and Eva Anduiza Every Crisis Is a Digital Opportunity: The Aganaktismenoi Movement’s Use of Social Media and the Emergence of Networked Solidarity in GreeceYannis Theocharis Social Media Use during Political Crises: The Case of the Gezi Protests in TurkeyLemi Baruh and Hayley Watson Structures of Feeling, Storytelling, and Social Media: The Case of #EgyptZizi Papacharissi and Stacy Blasiola The Importance of ‘Social’ in Social Media: The Lessons from IranGholam Khiabany Digital Knives Are Still Knives: The Affordances of Social Media for a Repressed Opposition against an Entrenched Authoritarian Regime in AzerbaijanKaty E. Pearce and Farid Guliyev Social Media and Social Movements: Weak Publics, the Online Space, Spatial Relations and Collective Action in SingaporeNatalie Pang and Debbie Goh Social Media and Civil Society Actions in IndiaRajesh Kumar Cyberactivism in China: Empowerment, Control, and BeyondRongbin Han Voicing Discontent in South Korea: Origins and Channels of Online Civic MovementsMaurice Vergeer and Se Jung Park Nationalist and Anti-Fascist Movements in Social MediaChristina Neumayer PART III: POLITICAL CAMPAIGNS From Emerging to Established? A Comparison of Twitter Use during Swedish Election Campaigns in 2010 and 2014Anders Olof Larsson and Hallvard Moe Social Media in the UK Election Campaigns 2008-14: Experimentation, Innovation and ConvergenceDarren G. Lilleker, Nigel Jackson, and Karolina Koc-Michalska Compulsory Voting, Encouraged Tweeting? Australian Elections and Social MediaTim Highfield and Axel Bruns Not Just a Face(book) in the Crowd: Candidates’ Use of Facebook during the Danish 2011 Parliamentary Election CampaignMorten Skovsgaard and Arjen Van Dalen Social Media Incumbent Advantage: Barack Obama’s and Mitt Romney’s Tweets in the 2012 US Presidential Election CampaignGunn Enli and Anya Naper The 2012 French Presidential Campaign: First Steps into the Political TwittersphereFrançoise Papa and Jean-Marc Francony The Emergence of Social Media Politics in South Korea: The Case of the 2012 Presidential ElectionLars Willnat and Young Min Interactions between Different Language Communities on Twitter during the 2012 Presidential Election in TaiwanYu-Chung Cheng and Pai-lin Chen Social Media Use in the German Election Campaign 2013Christian Nuernbergk, Jennifer Wladarsch, Julia Neubarth, and Christoph Neuberger Comparing Facebook and Twitter during the 2013 General Election in ItalyLuca Rossi and Mario Orefice Social Media and Election Campaigns in Sub-Saharan Africa: Insights from CameroonTeke Ngomba Social Media and Elections in KenyaMartin Nkosi Ndlela Electoral Politics on Social Media: The Israeli CaseSharon Haleva-Amir and Karine Nahon Social Media and the Scottish Independence Referendum 2014: Events and the Generation of Enthusiasm for YesMark Shephard and Stephen Quinlan The Use of Twitter in the Danish EP Elections 2014Jakob Linaa Jensen, Jacob Ørmen, and Stine Lomborg Twitter in Political Campaigns: The Brazilian 2014 Presidential ElectionRaquel Recuero, Gabriela Zago, and Marco T. Bastos

Axel Bruns is an Australian Research Council Future Fellow and Professor in the Digital Media Research Centre at Queensland University of Technology in Brisbane, Australia. Gunn Enli is Professor of Media Studies and Head of the Research Project "Social Media and Election Campaigns" (SAC) at the Department of Media and Communication, University of Oslo. Eli Skogerbø is Professor in Media Studies and Co-Head of the Political Communication Research Group at the Department of Media and Communication, University of Oslo. Anders Olof Larsson is Associate Professor at Westerdals Oslo School of Arts, Communication and Technology. Christian Christensen is Professor of Journalism at Stockholm University.