Contents; 1. Introduction to the Oxford Handbook of Comparative Cognition; Edward A. Wasserman and Thomas R. Zentall; I. Perception and Illusion; 2. Grouping and Segmentation in human and nonhuman primates; Jo?l Fagot, Isabelle Barbet, and Carole Parron; 3. Seeing What Is Not There: Illusion, Completion, and Spatiotemporal Boundary Formation in Comparative Perspective; Kazuo Fujita; 4. The Cognitive Chicken: Visual and Spatial Cognition in a Nonmammalian Brain; Giorgio Vallortigara; 5. New Perspectives on Absolute Pitch in Birds and Mammals; Ronald G. Weisman, Douglas J. K. Mewhort, Marisa Hoeschele, and Christopher B. Sturdy; II. Attention and Search; 6. Reaction-time Explorations of Visual Perception, Attention, and Decision in Pigeons; Donald S. Blough; 7. The Competition for Attention in Humans and Other Animals; David A. Washburn and Lauren A. Taglialatela; 8. Establishing frames of reference for finding hidden goals: The use of multiple spatial cues by nonhuman animals and people; Brett Gibson; III. Learning and Causation; 9. Contemporary thought on the environmental cues that affect causal attribution; Michael E. Young; 10. Associative Accounts of Causality Judgments; Martha Escobar and Ralph R. Miller; 11. Rational Rats: Causal Inference and Representation; Aaron P. Blaisdell and Michael R. Waldmann; 12. Contrast: A More Parsimonious Account of Cognitive Dissonance Effects; Thomas R. Zentall, Rebecca A. Singer, Tricia S. Clement, Andrea M. Friedrich, and Jerome Alessandri; IV. Memory Processes; 13. Methodological Issues in Comparative Memory Research; Thomas R. Zentall; 14. Memory Processing; Anthony A. Wright; 15. The Questions of Temporal and Spatial Displacement in Animal Cognition; William A. Roberts; 16. Animal Metacognition; J. David Smith, Michael J. Beran, and Justin J. Couchman; 17. A comparative analysis of episodic memory: Cognitive mechanisms and neural substrates; H. Eichenbaum, Magdalena Sauvage, Norbert Fortin, Jonathan Robitsek, and Robert Komorowski; 18. Spatial, Temporal, and Associative Behavioral Functions Associated with Different Subregions of the Hippocampus; Raymond P. Kesner, Andrea M. Morris, and Christy S.S. Weeden; V. Spatial Cognition; 19. Arthropod Navigation: Ants, Bees, Crabs, Spiders Finding Their Way; Ken Cheng; 20. Comparative Spatial Cognition: Encoding of Geometric Information from Surfaces and Landmark Arrays.; Debbie M. Kelly and Marcia L. Spetch; 21. Corvid Caching: The Role of Cognition; S. R. De Kort, N. J. Emery, and N. S. Clayton; VI. Timing and Counting; 22. Behavioristic, Cognitive, Biological, and Quantitative Explanations of Timing; Russell M. Church; 23. Sensitivity to Time: Implications for the Representation of Time; Jonathon D. Crystal; 24. Comparative cognition of number representation; Dustin J. Merritt, Nicholas K. DeWind, and Elizabeth M. Brannon; 25. Similarities Between Temporal and Numerosity Discriminations; J. Gregor Fetterman; VII. Categorization and Concept Learning; 26. A modified feature theory as an account of pigeon visual categorization; Ludwig Huber and Ulrike Aust; 27. Artificial Categories and Prototype Effects in Animals; Masako Jitsumori; 28. Relational Discrimination Learning in Pigeons; Robert G. Cook and Edward A. Wasserman; 29. Similarity and Difference in the Conceptual Systems of Primates: The Unobservability Hypothesis; Jennifer Vonk and Daniel J. Povinelli; VIII. Pattern Learning; 30. Spatial Patterns: Behavioral Control and Cognitive Representation; Michael F. Brown; 31. The Organization of Sequential Behavior: Conditioning, Memory, and Abstraction; Stephen B. Fountain, James D. Rowan, Melissa D. Muller, Shannon M. A. Kundey, Laura R. G. Pickens, and Karen E. Doyle; 32. The Comparative Psychology of Ordinal Knowledge; Herbert Terrace; 33. Truly Random Operant Responding: Results and Reasons; Greg Jensen, Claire Miller, and Allen Neuringer; 34. From Momentary Maximizing to Serial Response Times and Artificial Grammar Learning; Charles P. Shimp, Walter Herbranson, and Thane Fremouw; IX. Problem Solving, Behavioral Flexibility, and Tool Use; 35. Intelligences and Brains: An Evolutionary Bird's Eye View; Juan D. Delius and Julia A. M. Delius; 36. Transitive inference in nonhuman animals; Olga F. Lazareva; 37. Dolphin Problem Solving; Stan A. Kuczaj II and Rachel T. Walker; 38. <"What>" and <"Where>" Analysis and Flexibility in Avian Visual Cognition; Shigeru Watanabe; X. Social Cognition Processes; 39. Social Learning in Rats: Historical Context and Experimental Findings; Bennett G. Galef; 40. What Is Challenging About Tool Use? The Capuchin's Perspective; Elisabetta Visalberghi and Dorothy Fragaszy; 41. Inter-species social learning in dogs: The inextricable roles of phylogeny and ontogeny; Monique A. R. Udell, Nicole R. Dorey, Clive D. L. Wynne; 42. Social learning: strategies, mechanisms and models; Kevin N. Laland, Lewis Dean, Will Hoppitt, Luke Rendell & Mike M. Webster; 43. Chimpanzee Social Cognition in Early Life: Comparative-Developmental Perspective; Masaki Tomonaga, Masako Myowa-Yamakoshi, Yuu Mizuno, Sanae Okamoto, Masami K. Yamaguchi, Daisuke Kosugi, Kim A. Bard, Masayuki Tanaka, Tetsuro Matsuzawa; 44. Social Learning and Culture in Primates: Evidence from Free-Ranging and Captive Populations; Elizabeth E. Price and Andrew Whiten; Epilogue:; 45. Postscript: An Essay on the Study of Cognition in Animals; Stewart H. Hulse; Index