Textbook of Male Genitourethral Reconstruction

This textbook provides a guide to reconstructive surgery of genitourethral problems in male patients. The first section covers all aspects of urethral reconstruction, including the functional anatomy of the urethra, etiology, epidemiology, and demographic differences in urethral pathology. The second section focuses on surgical reconstruction of penile and scrotal anomalies and dysfunctions.

Textbook of Male Genitourethral Reconstruction aims to aid the management of male genitourethral reconstruction patients by reviewing the recent advancements in technology and surgical technique. This book is relevant to urologists, plastic and reconstructive surgeons, medical students, and health care professionals working within urology and plastic surgery.Chapter “Tissue Transfer Techniques in the Management of Urethral Stricture Disease: Flaps and Grafts” is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

PART I:  Urethral Reconstruction

1. History of Urethral Stricture and its Treatment

2. Functional Anatomy of the Male Urethra for the Reconstructive Surgeon

3. Etiology, Epidemiology, Demographic Differences in Urethral Strictures: A Worldwide Perspective

4. World Changing Scenario of Urethral Stricture Management

5. Clinical Presentation and Diagnostic Evaluation of Urethral Stricture

6. Principles of Urethral Stricture Surgical Reconstruction, Wound Healing and Instrumentation

7. Tissue Transfer Techniques in Urethral Reconstruction

8. Surgical Reconstruction of External Meatus and Fossa Navicularis Strictures

9. Complex Hypospadias Repair in the Adult Patient

10. Surgical Reconstruction of Penile Urethral Strictures: Single-stage Procedures

11. Surgical Reconstruction of Penile Urethral Strictures: Staged Procedures

12. Predictors of Urethral Stricture Recurrence after Urethroplasty

13. Role of Non-Transecting Excision and Primary Anastomosis in Bulbar Urethral Reconstruction

14. Vessel-sparing Excision and Primary Anastomosis for Proximal Bulbar Urethral Strictures

15. Role of Transection and Anastomosis in Bulbar Urethral Reconstruction

16. Substitution Urethroplasty for Bulbar Urethral Strictures

17. Surgical Reconstruction of Panurethral Stricture Disease

18. Surgical Reconstruction of Failed Anterior Urethroplasty

19. Surgical Reconstruction of Male Urethral Diverticulum

20. Surgical Reconstruction of Urethrocutaneous Fistulae

21. Surgical Reconstruction of Pelvic Fracture Urethral Injury

22. Surgical Management of Unusual Urethral Injuries Associated with Complex Pelvic Fracture

23. Surgical Reconstruction of Post-TURP Urethral Strictures

24. Surgical Reconstruction of Membranous Urethral Strictures Due to Radiation

25. Surgical Reconstruction of Posterior Urethral Complications Following Prostate Cancer Treatments

26. Surgical Reconstruction of Urethral Injuries after Artificial Urinary Sphincter Infection-Erosion

27. Surgical Urethral Reconstruction After Failed Urethral Stents

28. Surgical Reconstruction of Ischemic Necrosis of Bulbar Urethra

29. Use of Fasciocutaneous and Myocutaneous Flaps in Complex Urethral Reconstruction

30. Use of Bowel for Urethral Reconstruction

31. Perineal Urethrostomy: A Surgical Pearl in Failed Urethral Reconstruction

32. Urinary Diversion: The Last Resort in Urethral Reconstruction

33. Robot-Assisted Reconstruction of the Lower Urinary Tract

34. Impact of Urethral Reconstruction on Sexual Function

35. Tissue - Engineering in Urethral Reconstruction

36. The Role of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in Urologic Reconstruction

PART II: Penile and Scrotal Reconstruction

37. Penile, Scrotal and Perineal Anatomy for the Reconstructive Surgeon

38. Modern Non-Surgical Strategies for Peyronie’s Disease

39. Modern Strategies for Plication in Peyronie’s Disease

40. Modern Strategies for Grafting in Peyronie’s Disease

41. Modern Strategies for Treatment of Peyronie’s Disease with Penile Prosthesis

42. Modern Strategies for the Surgical Treatment of Priapism

43. Surgical Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction: An Overview and Historical Perspective

44. Penile Prosthesis Implantation: Penoscrotal Approach

45. Penile Prosthesis Implantation: Infrapubic Approach

46. Penile Prosthesis Implantation in Complex, Previously Failed Settings

47. Prevention of Prosthetic Infection: Penile Implants and AUS

48. Non-infectious Penile Implant Complications and Avoidance

49. Dual Implantation of Inflatable Penile Prosthesis and Artificial Urinary Sphincter or Male Sling: Benefits and Risks

50. Vascular (Arterial and Venous) Surgery for Erection Dysfunction

51. Circumcision: Avoidance and Treatment of Complications

52. Microsurgery of Male Infertility

53. Surgical Reconstruction of Penile Fractures: Impact on Voiding and Sexual Function

54. Surgical Reconstruction of Penile and Scrotal Gunshot Injuries and Traumatic Avulsions in Civil and Military Conflicts

55. Organ-preserving Surgical Treatment of Penile Cancer and Glans Lichen Sclerosus

56. Surgical Reconstruction of Buried Penis

57. Complex Scrotal Repair and Testicular Prosthetics

58. Penile Enlargement Surgery: Fact or Fiction?

59. Penile Self-Injections for Girth Augmentation: Treatment of Complications

60. Penile Transplantation – The Last Frontier in Penile Reconstruction

PART III: Urinary Incontinence and Neurourology

61. Surgical Treatment of Male Stress Urinary Incontinence: An Overview

62. Treatment of Male Stress Urinary Incontinence: Advance Sling

63. Treatment of Male Stress Urinary Incontinence: Virtue Quadratic Sling

64. Treatment of Male Stress Urinary Incontinence: ATOMS System

65. Treatment of Male Stress Urinary Incontinence: Artificial Urinary Sphincter

66. Surgical Reconstruction of Lower Urinary Tract in the Adult Spinal Cord Injured Male

PART IV:Gender-Affirming Surgery

67. Urethral Reconstruction in Female-to-Male Gender-Affirming Surgery

68. Penile Reconstruction after Trauma and in Gender Dysphoria

69. Urological Complications of Gender-Affirming Surgery

70. Penile Prosthesis Implantation in Transgender Males

PART I: Urethral Reconstruction. History of Urethral Stricture and its Treatment.- Functional Anatomy of the Male Urethra for the Reconstructive Surgeon .- Etiology, Epidemiology, Demographic Differences in Urethral Strictures: A Worldwide Perspective.-  World Changing Scenario of Urethral Stricture Management.- Clinical Presentation and Diagnostic Evaluation of Urethral Stricture .- Principles of Urethral Stricture Surgical Reconstruction, Wound Healing and Instrumentation .- Tissue Transfer Techniques in Urethral Reconstruction.- Surgical Reconstruction of External Meatus and Fossa Navicularis Strictures .- Complex Hypospadias Repair in the Adult Patient.- Surgical Reconstruction of Penile Urethral Strictures: Single-stage Procedures .- Surgical Reconstruction of Penile Urethral Strictures: Staged Procedures.- Predictors of Urethral Stricture Recurrence after Urethroplasty .- Role of Non-Transecting Excision and Primary Anastomosis in Bulbar Urethral Reconstruction .- Vessel-sparing Excision and Primary Anastomosis for Proximal Bulbar Urethral Strictures.- Role of Transection and Anastomosis in Bulbar Urethral Reconstruction.- Substitution Urethroplasty for Bulbar Urethral Strictures.- Surgical Reconstruction of Panurethral Stricture Disease.-  Surgical Reconstruction of Failed Anterior Urethroplasty.- Surgical Reconstruction of Male Urethral Diverticulum .- Surgical Reconstruction of Urethrocutaneous Fistulae.- Surgical Reconstruction of Pelvic Fracture Urethral Injury .- Surgical Management of Unusual Urethral Injuries Associated with Complex Pelvic Fracture.- Surgical Reconstruction of Post-TURP Urethral Strictures .- Surgical Reconstruction of Membranous Urethral Strictures Due to Radiation.- Surgical Reconstruction of Posterior Urethral Complications Following Prostate Cancer Treatments.- Surgical Reconstruction of Urethral Injuries after Artificial Urinary Sphincter Infection-Erosion.- Surgical Urethral Reconstruction After Failed Urethral Stents.- Surgical Reconstruction of Ischemic Necrosis of Bulbar Urethra.- Use of Fasciocutaneous and Myocutaneous Flaps in Complex Urethral Reconstruction.- Use of Bowel for Urethral Reconstruction .- Perineal Urethrostomy: A Surgical Pearl in Failed Urethral Reconstruction .- Urinary Diversion: The Last Resort in Urethral Reconstruction.- Robot-As

Francisco Martins obtained his Medical Degree at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon in 1983. He earned his title as Specialist in Urology by the Portuguese Medical Association, College of Urology, in 1993. He has been engaged in several humanitarian outreach clinical visits in Ethiopia, Angola and Tanzania. His areas of major clinical and research interest are: Genito-urethral and Pelvic Trauma and Reconstruction, Vesicovaginal and Rectovaginal Fistula, Female Pelvic Medicine, Erectile Dysfunction, Urinary Diversion, and Penile Cancer. He has been Consultant Urological Surgeon at Santa Maria University Hospital (2008-present date). In May 2017, he was elected to the GURS Board of Directors (Genitourinary Reconstructive Surgeons) and in October 2917 and September 2018 was granted Honorary Membership of the Hungarian Urological Association (HUA) and South African Urological Asscociation (SAUA), respectively. He is member of several national and international societies and associations. He is member of the first EAU (European Association of Urology) Guidelines Panel for Urethral Strictures. He is peer reviewer for several journals, including, Acta Urológica Portuguesa, Actas Urológicas Españolas, Advances in Urology, Biomed Research International, British Journal of Medicine and Medical Research, European Urology, International Urology and Nephrology, Journal of Men’s Health, Journal of Surgery, World Journal of Urology and Journal of Urology. He has presented and lectured at numerous national and international meetings, conferences and congresses and has published and co-authored over 60 articles in peer review journals, 7 book chapters and edited 3 books on erectile dysfunction, penile cancer and male genitourethral reconstruction as well as 2 Special Issues for Advances in Urology and Biomed Research International.

Sanjay B. Kulkarni, MD, MS, Diploma Urology (London), FRCS (Glasgow), Hon. FRCS(London) is a nationally and internationally recognized expert in urethral reconstruction. He underwent Urology training in England from 1981 to 1986. He was trained by Mr Richard Turner Warwick, considered as father of urethral reconstruction. Dr Kulkarni returned to motherland India to serve the people of his country. His wife Dr Jyotsna Kulkarni and Sanjay were pioneer in introducing Laparoscopy in India. They started India’s first animal lab for Laparoscopy training. Dr Kulkarni established Centre for Reconstructive Urology in 1995. The centre performs one of the largest number of Genito-Urinary Reconstructive Surgeries in the world today. The centre is ethical and no patient is denied surgery for economic grounds. Kulkarni School of Urethral Surgery was established in 2006. The centre is engaged in permanent educational activities for urologists who are interested in the in-depth training in reconstructive urethral surgery. They conduct an operative workshop on a weekend once every month where about 8-10 Urologists from India and abroad attend inside the  OR and watch surgeries LIVE. Kulkarni school of urethral surgery is very popular amongst the urologists. This is a purely academic activity with no registration fees.Dr Kulkarni invented many techniques of reconstruction. The “Kulkarni Urethroplasty” for pan urethral stricture is popular around the world. He was awarded “President’s Gold Medal” by the Urology Society of India for outstanding contribution to Urology in India in 2011. Dr Kulkarni was the President of the society of Genito Urinary Reconstructive Surgeons in 2014.In 2016 Dr Sanjay Kulkarni was awarded “Dr BC Roy” award by the President of India for developing new speciality. In 2017 he was conferred Honorary membership of the Royal College of Surgeons of England and made Honorary member of the British Association of Urological Surgeons. He  currently serves as the President Elect of the Society International de Urology(2018-19).

Tobias S. Köhler, MD., MPH., FACS., Professor of Urology, specializes in the treatment of erectile and sexual dysfunction, and BPH (enlarged prostate) in the Department of Urology at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, MN. He received both his undergraduate and medical degrees from the University of Minnesota in Minneapolis. He completed a Masters of Public Health in Epidemiology. He then completed his urology residency training at the University of Minnesota. This was followed by an andrology fellowship at Northwestern School of Medicine in Chicago. Dr. Köhler spent the first nine years of practice at Southern Illinois University School of Medicine in Springfield, Illinois before matriculating back to his home state of Minnesota. Dr. Köhler is an active member of American Urological Association, North Central Section, and the Sexual Medicine Society of North America. He has published more than 200 peer reviewed scientific articles, book chapters and scientific abstracts and presented both locally and nationally on various subjects includi